Temperature methamphetamine

Bowyer, J.F., Tank, A.W., Newport, G.D. et al. The influence of environmental temperature on the transient effects of methamphetamine on dopamine levels and dopamine release in rat striatum. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 260 817, 1992. 

Ali, S.F., Newport, G.D., Holson, R.R., Slikker, W.J., Bowyer, J.F. Low environmental temperatures or pharmacologic agents that produce hypothermia decrease methamphetamine neurotoxicity in mice. Brain Res. 58 33, 1994. 

Melega, W.R, Lacan, G., Harvey, D.C., Huang, S.C., Phelps, M.E. Dizocilpine and reduced body temperature do not prevent methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity in the vervet monkey [1 lC]WfN 35,428-positron emission tomography studies. Neurosci. Eett. 258 17, 1998. 

Other effects caused by methamphetamine include headaches, decreased appetite, dry mouth, dilated pupils, trembling, chest pains, increased respiration and shortness of breath, hyperthermia (elevated body temperature), insomnia, and nausea and vomiting. In more severe cases (i.e., overdoses) it can produce seizures and convulsions, stroke, heart attacks, and death. The risk of encountering these more serious side effects are greatly increased when methamphetamine is used in combination with other drugs like cocaine, marijuana, alcohol, and heroin. 

Methylamine, CH3NH2, is a fishy-smelling gas at room temperature. It is used to manufacture several prescription drugs, including methamphetamine. Calculate [OH ] and pOH of a 0.25 mol/L aqueous solution of methylamine. 

Methamphetamine, a Schedule 11 drug, was first synthesized in 1919. It can be synthesized from ephedrine or pseudo-ephedrine. Methamphetamine is available by prescription for weight control, ADHD, and narcolepsy under the brand name Desoxyn . Street names for methamphetamine include chalk, crank, crystal, fire, glass, ice, rocks, shabu, speed, and yaba. Methamphetamine is often found at rave sites, where people exert themselves while dancing and deprive themselves of sleep, food, and drink, which can result in increased body temperature with excessive sweating and possibly a salt imbalance. 

Cimbura and Kofoed (50),mentioned earlier, used GLC to separate amphetamine and methamphetamine after acetylation with acetic anhydride in methanol. Derivatives were extracted using diethyl ether and chromatographed op columns of either 3% OV-17, OV-1, or SE-30. Column temperature was 160°C. They also reported the chromatographic determination of acetylated morphine on 3% SE-30, OV-1, or OV-17 at temperatures of 220°C. Cruickshank et al.(21) separated 21 amino acids as their trifluoroacetylated methyl esters. The column was 5% neopentyl glycol succinate on Gas Chrom P. Column temperatures were both isothermal and programmed 65°C for 20 min at 1.5°C/min then 2°C/min until 42.5 min then 4°C/min until 60 min then isothermal until about 75 min (see Figure 12.2). Chang et al. (19), used BSA/pyridine to form the TMS derivatives of levodopa, methyldopa, tyrosine. 

Through its action on the dopamine and serotonin neurons in the brain, methamphetamine can cause paranoia, hallucinations, and severe mood disturbances. Methampethamine can also cause stroke through an increase in blood pressure, along with seizures. Other commonly seen side effects include irregular heart rate, damage to small blood vessels in the brain and eyes, and hyperthermia, which is an unregulated increase in the body s temperature. 

Using the rodent inhalation model depicted in figure 2, mice were assessed for locomotor activity after exposure to methamphetamine vapor, antinociception after exposure to heroin, and motor coordination after exposure to PCP. Temperatures used for volatilization of these drugs are listed in table 2. These temperatures were empirically derived... 

It is also important that the reaction be done at the lowest temperature at which it will proceed smoothly, and that the heating be continued for as long as the reaction is still going. In this way nearly all the phenylacetone is converted to methamphetamine. 

Lawrence and Frei [195] recommend a two-phase system of water/isobutyl methyl ketone, but formation of by-products under these conditions seems to be worse than in methanol [194]. Ethyl acetate and chloroform have also been suggested as reaction media for the estimation of methamphetamine, a 100 ml portion of the 24-h urine was adjusted to pH 9 and extracted with 50 ml of ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate phase was concentrated to 10 ml, NBD-Cl (5 mg) was added, together with 1 drop of 2 M NaOH, and the mixture was left at room temperature for 4h [196], Amphetamine and morphine were derivatized in the same way using chloroform instead of ethyl acetate [197,198],... 

---