Temperature-lowering effect

The experimental animals must be kept warm post surgery so that they do not succumb to the temperature lowering effects of anesthesia. Cover half of the cage with aluminum foil to reduce the temperature generated by the infrared heat source. Therefore, upon awakening from anesthesia the experimental animal can choose to ranain under the heat source or to go under the aluminum foil heat shield. Typically the anesthetized pregnant dams awaken within 30-45 min. 

Water vapor absorbs infrared radiation even more strongly than does carbon dioxide, thus greatly influencing Earth s heat balance. Clouds formed from water vapor reflect light from the sun and have a temperature-lowering effect. On the other hand, water vapor in the atmosphere acts as a kind of blanket at night, retaining heat from Earth s surface by the absorption of infrared radiation. 

The third term in Eq. 7, K, is the contribution to the basal plane thermal resistance due to defect scattering. Neutron irradiation causes various types of defects to be produced depending on the irradiation temperature. These defects are very effective in scattering phonons, even at flux levels which would be considered modest for most nuclear applications, and quickly dominate the other terms in Eq. 7. Several types of in-adiation-induced defects have been identified in graphite. For irradiation temperatures lower than 650°C, simple point defects in the form of vacancies or interstitials, along with small interstitial clusters, are the predominant defects. Moreover, at an irradiation temperatui-e near 150°C [17] the defect which dominates the thermal resistance is the lattice vacancy. 

If two insoluble liquids are heated, each is unaffected by the presence of the other and vaporizes to an extent determined only by its own nature. Such a mixture always boils at a temperature lower than is true for either substance alone. This effect may be applied to substances that would be damaged by overheating if distilled in the usual fashion. Substances can also be distilled at temperatures below their normal boiling points by partially evacuating the still. The greater the vacuum, the lower the distillation temperature. 

Most modem CCGT plants use open air cooling in the front part of the gas turbine. An exception is the GE MS9001H plant which utilises the existence of the lower steam plant to introduce steam cooling of the gas turbine. This reduces the difference between the combustion temperature T ot and the rotor inlet temperature The effect of this on the overall combined plant efficiency is discussed in Ref. [1] where it is suggested that any advantage is small. 

The benefits of cool pavements can be estimated by first finding the temperature decrease resulting from resurfacing a city with more reflective paving materials. Cool pavements provide only indirect effects through lowered ambient temperatures. Lower temperature has two effects (1) reduced... 

It is concluded that a fully satisfactory system for calculating simultaneous reactions of CO and COo with H2 and H20 will require a schedule of the effect of CO on C02 methanation as a function of temperature. This effect will probably be different with different particle sizes. From a commercial standpoint, the particle size range may be too small to require much difference in the treatment of the data, but in the laboratory very small particle size may lower the CO methanation rate. A simple kinetics system such as that derived from Equation 3 may be satisfactory for all the reactions. It is unlikely that reliable data will be collected soon for the shift reaction (since it is of a somewhat secondary nature and difficult to study by itself), and therefore a more complicated treatment is not justified. 

For the transition state effect correlation equation (equation 7), the slopes (M) for the various reactions of this study are positive in sign (Tables II and V). When the negative AE(x) values (Table I) are multiplied by the slope, for a particular initiator at a given rate, a negative (reaction temperature-lowering) value is obtained. For the reactant state effect correlation equation (equation 8), the slopes (N) for the various reactions of this study are negative in... 

We were able show that temperature is a convenient and promising parameter to achieve this goal. Growing cells at temperatures lower than 37 °C will slow down growth rate but on the other hand have a beneficial effect on shear resistance [501 (Fig- 3 ). 

It was also found [8] that the sintering conditions have significant effects on the resistivity of the Smo.iCeo.gOi.g material. As shown in Fig. 4, the overall resistivity decreases with lower sintering temperature and attains a minimum at the sintering temperature of 1100-1200 °C, which is about 31 ohm-cm at 700 °C measurement. This makes the Smo.2Ceo.801,9 material capable of working as SOFC s electrolyte at temperatures lower than 700 C to avoid possible reduction of cerium (4+) and thus suitable for intermediate-temperature SOFC. 

The effect of dinitrogen pentoxide in a dichloromethane solution on diethyl ether at a temperature lower than 20°C caused a detonation. It was explained by the decomposition of nitroglycol formed as follows ... 

In this paper we present for the first time a test that combines heat extraction and heat injection pulses in one experiment. It is expected that differences in the ground thermal conductivity, when different data windows are used to obtain an estimate, can be related to advection and convection of ground water. The real ground conductivity should be derived from the experimental data where the response is close to or lower than the natural ground temperature, minimizing effects of advection and convection. First results, for a case of no ground water flow, show that estimates of ground thermal conductivity are very comparable for the different data windows. 

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