Temperature dispersions

Fig. 14. Estimation of relaxation strength from temperature dispersion of piezoelectric constant...

Date,M., Hara,K. Temperature dispersion of complex piezoelectric modulus of wood. Japan. J. Appl. Phys. 8,151 (19 ). 

Fiq. 10 a, b. Effect of the comonomer volume fraction vH on (a) the relative height and (b) the relative storage modulus decrement of the low-temperature dispersion of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (symbols as in Fig. 8)... 

Dynamic Mechanical Properties. Figure 15 shows the temperature dispersion of isochronal complex, dynamic tensile modulus functions at a fixed frequency of 10 Hz for the SBS-PS specimen in unstretched and stretched (330% elongation) states. The two temperature dispersions around — 100° and 90°C in the unstretched state can be assigned to the primary glass-transitions of the polybutadiene and polystyrene domains. In the stretched state, however, these loss peaks are broadened and shifted to around — 80° and 80°C, respectively. In addition, new dispersion, as emphasized by a rapid decrease in E (c 0), appears at around 40°C. The shift of the primary dispersion of polybutadiene matrix toward higher temperature can be explained in terms of decrease of the free volume because of internal stress arisen within the matrix. On the other... 

Figure 15. Temperature dispersion of isochronal complex, dynamic tensile modulus function at a fixed frequency of 10 Hz, observed for the SBS-PS specimen at unstrethed and stretched (330% elongation) states...

The blends show three regions of mechanical relaxation. The low temperature dispersion near —135°C, characteristic of the terpolymer, remains prominent. For each mixture, a single loss maximum above 0°C is accompanied by an abrupt decrease in E and is undoubtedly associated... 

At sufficiently low temperatures, dispersive transport is observed in all disordered solids. In most studies, the phenomenon has been attributed to energetic disorder. For a discussion of dispersive transport within the framework of the disorder formalism, see Borsenberger et al. (1993b) and Borsenberger and Bassler (1994). 

Nonionic noncarrier leveling agent for high-temperature disperse dyeing of polyester and polyester/cotton blends. Offers excellent dye migration. 

CS at room temperature is a white solid, stable when heated and with a low vapor pressure. The vapor is several times heavier than air. It can be dispersed as a fine powder, or as a jet or stream of solution from small or large spray tanks, as well as aerosols or smokes by pyrotechnic generation. Its solubility in water is limited, but it is soluble in organic and chlorinated organics. High-temperature dispersion may produce a number of organic thermal degradation... 

Figure 18.16 shows that carbon black incorporation time, BIT, is affected by the addition of ZnO and by the properties of carbon black. If no ZnO is added, the incorporation time decreases as the carbon black structure increases. The opposite is true when ZnO is present during carbon black dispersion. The overall quality of the dispersion improves when ZnO is present and when mixing is carried out at elevated temperature Dispersion quality was assessed by optical measurements. 

Kluchinsky, T.A., Jr., Savage, P.B., Fitz, R., and Smith, P.A., Liberation of hydrogen cyanide and hydrogen chloride during high-temperature dispersion of CS riot control agent. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J., 63, 493-496, 2002. 

Kunieda, H. and Shinoda, K. (1982) Phase behavior in systems of nonionic surfactant-water-oil around the hydrophile-lipopile balance temperature (HLB-temperature)./. Dispersion Sci. Technol., 3, 233-244. 

Anton, R.E., Salager, J.L., Graciaa, A. and Lachaise, J. (1992) Surfactant-oil-water systems near the affinity inversion - Part VIII Optimum formulation and phase behavior of mixed anionic-nonionic systems versus temperature. /. Dispersion Sci. Technol, 13, 565-579. 

An emulsion will form upon mixing oil, water, and an emulsifier under given conditions such as temperature, dispersion method, phase volume, and viscosity of bulk phases among other parameters. The answer to the question Will this emulsion be oil (W/O) or water (O/W) continuous is a key problem of emulsion science. It is not only of fundamental interest but also of great practical importance and consequences. 

Based on the reactivity of the species chemisorption trends and adopting the stoichiometry of HT OT Pt =1.5 0.75 1 established by Benson and Boudart (8) for chemisorption at both temperatures, dispersion values calculated are given in Table.3. Equations proposed for measuremnet of dipersion of different species are also listed in Table.3. It is seen that Pt(A) values calculated using three separate data and Sn(A) values obtained from two separate data match well with each other, indicating the validity of the method. The total Pt dipersion, which includes both alloyed and unalloyed forms, increases with increasing Sn/Pt ratio upto 8 beyond which there is a drastic decrease... 

Mass dispersion coefficient Temperature dispersion coefficient Tube radius... 

Brownian motion theory was verified by many scientists (T. Svedberg, A. Westgren, J.Perrin, L.de Broglie and others), who both observed individual particles and followed the diffusion in disperse systems [5]. The influence of various factors, such as the temperature, dispersion medium viscosity, and particle size on the value of the Brownian displacement, was evaluated. It was shown that the Einstein-Smoluchowski theory describes the experimental data adequately and with high precision. 

There are other methods to control the stability of emulsions during formation. The effects of temperature, dispersion rate, phase introduction period on the emulsion stability are studied in [51]. It has been shown that the way of cooling influences the emulsion stability, which is first of all connected with structural changes in the surfactant solutions. 

Dielectric Properties Polymers have low dielectric permittivity and it is difficult for them to meet capacitor requirements. Ceramics, on the other hand, have high dielectric permittivity but require high processing temperatures. Dispersion of metal... 

The suppression temperatures Tg s, at which the peak intensity is most suppressed as shown by the arrows in the temperature-dispersion curves for PMEA hydrogel, turn out to be —10 ° C (a), —40 ° C (b), and —50 ° C (d), for the carbons of the backbone, terminal CH3 and CH2 of side-chain, respectively. This parameter can be considered to indicate at which temperature carbons located at the specific polymer chain undergo fluctuation motions with a frequency of f lO Hz. Similar temperature-dispersion (Fig. l.lOB) is noted for the A18 Cp signal (at 15.7 ppm) of CPMAS NMR spectra of [3- C]Ala -A(6—42) fragment of bR in DMPC bilayer (Fig. 1.1 OA) [118], The suppression temperature Ts for this peak turns out to be 30 °C, just above the gel-to-Hquid crystalline phase transition which is conveniently monitored by relative peak-intensities of the fatty acyl chain at... 

The H NMR spectra of HjO/HPA/SiOj have significant distinctions in comparison with those for the parent nanosilica, and these differences depend not only on the adsorbed water content but also on reaction temperature, dispersion medium (Figure 1.131 and Table 1.24), and other parameters. Notice that the 5e(/t) function becomes more nonlinear with increasing temperature and this is accompanied by diminution of the 8e values (Figure 1.130b). 

Where M2 is the second moment of the NMR lineshape, J the spectral density function, with (Dq the Larmor frequency, and (0i the frequency of the spin-locking field. The spectral density can be written in terms of the molecular correlation time, x, and the overall shape of the Tjp - temperature dispersion and the relatively shallow minima arc due to the correlation time distribution, although the location of the minimum is unaffected by this distribution. We have examined several models for the distribution, all of which give essentially the same results. One of the more simple is the Cole-Davidson function (75), which has also been applied to the analysis of dielectric relaxations. The relevant expression for the spectral density in this case is given by Equation 4. 

Either plant steam or steam from a portable steam generator can be used. If a steam lance is used, the detergent solution may enter the steam gun by venturi action and mix with the steam. Steam removes oils, greases, and soaps by first thinning them at elevated temperatures. Dispersion and emulsification of the oils then oc-... 

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