Teeth-whitening

Teeth whiteners, percarbamide, 623 Temperature, reaction rates, 903-12 Terminal olefins, selenide-catalyzed epoxidation, 384-5 a-Terpinene, peroxide synthesis, 706 a-Terpineol, preparation, 790 Terrorists, dialkyl peroxide explosives, 708 Tertiary amines, dioxirane oxidation, 1152 Tertiary hydroperoxides, structural characterization, 690-1... 

The active ingredient in most dental teeth-whitening formulas is hydrogen peroxide, H202, which readily decomposes into water and what other molecule Write the balanced chemical equation for this decomposition. 

While a core growth strategy focuses on existing jobs for current customers, disruptive growth focuses on existing jobs for new customers. Remember when going to a dentist s office was the only way to get your teeth whitened That was a time when many customers couldn t get the job done due to... 

Hoelzl, W. Preuss, A. Wallquist, O. Teeth whitening agent comprising fluorescent compounds. PCX Int. Appl. WO 2006015959, 2006 Chem. Abstr. 2006,144, 239277. 

Phosphoric acid is used in dentistry and orthodontics as an etching solution, to clean and roughen the surfaces of teeth where dental appliances or fillings will be placed. Phosphoric acid is also an ingredient in over-the-counter anti-nausea medications that also contain high levels of sugar (glucose and fructose). This acid is also used in many teeth whiteners to eliminate plaque that may be on the teeth before application. 

Off-the-shelf teeth whiteners typically contain carbamide peroxide (a 1 1 mixture of urea and hydrogen peroxide), glycerin, stannate and pyrophosphate salts (preservatives), and flavoring agents. These whiteners come in a form that can be bmshed directly onto the teeth or are embedded in a plastic strip that can be stuck to the teeth. Because these products have a low strength for safety reasons, it may take several weeks of applying them for full whitening to occur. 

The quality of toothpaste seems to improve every day. We have anticavity toothpaste, extra-whitening toothpaste, toothpaste with mouthwash, toothpaste for sensitive teeth, toothpaste with stripes, clear toothpaste, and even liver-flavored toothpaste for dogs. 

Sodium carbonate peroxide is added to peroxide toothpaste as a whitener. It breaks down into sodium carbonate (washing soda) and hydrogen peroxide. The hydrogen peroxide bleaches the teeth and kills germs. 

Those who engage in tooth whitening should be aware that it has a weakening effect on the enamel. This was reported at a meeting of the US Materials Research Society in Boston in November 2005 by Michelle Dickinson who works for Hysitron, an instrument maker based in Minneapolis. This company has developed a piece of equipment capable of measuring the hardness profile of teeth across the enamel and dentine... 

Whitening of teeth can occur by two mechanisms. One method is mechanical, in which an abrasive is used to remove debris from the tooth. The other method involves either the use of peroxides, which react with water to form free oxygen radicals that help to whiten the teeth or a combination of mechanical and chemical actions. This latter mechanism is found with bleaching agents and is longer lasting than whitening procedures. 

A compound used to whiten teeth has the empirical formula of HO. The molecular mass of this compound is 34.02 amu. What is its molecular formula ... 

Hydrogen peroxide was discovered in 1818 by French chemist Louis Jacques Thenard (1777-1857). It was first used commercially in the 1800s, primarily to bleach hats. Today, industrial processes make about 500 million kilograms (1 billion pounds) of hydrogen peroxide annually for use in a wide variety of applications ranging from whitening of teeth to propelling rockets. 

This reaction also occurs in products that are made with baking soda, which contains sodium bicarbonate. Sodium bicarbonate makes baked goods rise. It is used as an antacid and in deodorants to absorb moisture and odors. Baking soda can be added to toothpaste to whiten teeth and freshen breath. As a paste, sodium bicarbonate can be used in cleaning and scrubbing. It is also used as a fire-suppression agent in some fire extinguishers. 

Stained teeth. Carbamide peroxide is the active ingredient in most tooth-whitening products, and it works by releasing hydrogen peroxide, which in turn yields hydroxyl free radicals, which can break down colored molecules. 

Hydrogen peroxide itself is a liquid and difficult to apply to teeth, but when it s mixed with tuea it forms a gel of carbamide peroxide that can easily be painted on teeth, placed into trays fitted to the teeth, or incorporated into whitening strips. Thickeners such as carbopol and glycerin are often used to achieve the right consistency. 

If you re wondering about whitening toothpastes, those contain an abrasive compound that simply rubs the stain molecules off of your teeth—no fancy chemistry at all. 

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