Sensitive teeth

The quality of toothpaste seems to improve every day. We have anticavity toothpaste, extra-whitening toothpaste, toothpaste with mouthwash, toothpaste for sensitive teeth, toothpaste with stripes, clear toothpaste, and even liver-flavored toothpaste for dogs. 

Anticavity toothpaste for sensitive teeth Sodium monofluorophosphate Sensodyne cool gel Cellulose gum Aqueous... 

Strontium salts are used in fireworks and flares, which show the characteristic red glow of strontium in a flame. Strontium chloride is used in some toothpastes for persons with sensitive teeth. The metal itself has no practical uses. 

Therapeutic agents against caries, tartar, bacteria (plaque, gingivitis, bad breath, periodontal disease), sensitive teeth... 

Petrou, L, Heu, R., Stranick, M., Lavender, S., Zaidel, L., Cummins, D., Sullivan, R.J., Hsueh, C., Gimzewski, J.K., 2009. A breakthrough therapy for dentin hypersensitivity how dental products containing 8% arginine and calcium carbonate work to deliver effective relief of sensitive teeth. The Journal of Clinical Dentistry 20,23-31. 

But potassium nitrate is also used in toothpastes that are formulated to make teeth less sensitive to pain. As gums recede and the tooth root dentin becomes exposed, teeth can become hypersensitive to hot or cold foods. Potassium nitrate interferes with the transmission of pain signals in the nerves of the teeth. 

There are a few developments on the horizon that will increase our ability to date bones and teeth reliability. Both y- and a-spectrometric methods can measure Pa/ U and °Th/U and concordance between dates calculated using the two can provide a measure of reliability. However, the discordance between the two is not very sensitive to different uptake regimes, and it is difficult to resolve, for example, bones that have undergone EU from those that have undergone LU with the analytical errors commonly encountered in measurements by y- and a-spectrometry. On the other hand, it has been shown recently that TIMS can measure both isotopic ratios with a precision usually better than 1% (Edwards et al. 1997). TIMS measurements of Pa/ U and °Th/U have yet to be routinely applied to dating fossil remains, but in the future, concordance between the two decay series will provide further evidence of the validity of a particular uptake model to a particular sample. 

The amount of total lead in the blood can be measured to determine if exposure to lead has occurred. This test can tell if you have been recently exposed to lead. Lead can be measured lead in teeth or bones by X-ray techniques, but these methods are not widely available. These tests tell about long-term exposures to lead. Exposure to lead can be evaluated by measuring erythrocyte protoporphyrin (EP) in blood samples. EP is a part of red blood cells known to increase when the amount of lead in the blood is high. However, the EP level is not sensitive enough to identify children with elevated blood lead levels below about 25 micrograms per deciliter ( ig/dL). For this reason, the primary screening method is measurement of blood lead. For more information on tests to measure lead in the body, see Chapters 2 and 6. 

The isotopic distribution of lead (IDMS) in shed teeth from children has been shown to be useful in studies of the history of exposure to lead, including the definition of the source of the exposure, e.g., mine dust vs. food (Gulson and Wilson 1994), so IDMS certainly has important applicability, if not for routine determinations. ICP/MS, however, is easier, more sensitive, allows for multi-element analysis, and provides isotopic data. 

Periodontal disease is characterized by a sequence of chronic oral inflammation and excessive alveolar bone resorption (i.e., receding alveolar bone) that results in root surface exposure of teeth, increased sensitivity, eventual detachment of the periodontal ligament, and subsequent tooth loss. Alveolar ridge bone exhibits intrinsic porosity, a structural fragility, and a proximity to vasculature that in effect virtually ensures it has the potential to be a vulnerable site in times of rapid bone resorption, much like the trabecular-rich regions in the hip and spine. Subsequent retention of the quantity and quality of bone in edentulous jaws also becomes critically important in terms of being able to provide surface support for dental implants and dentures that are desirable for both functional and cosmetic purposes (Bodic et al., 2005) (Figure 6.4). 

Recently, Yekkala et al. [144,145] have proposed an HPLC method with fluorescence detection. The method involves a rather laborious sample preparation due to the peculiar nature of the substrate involved (teeth), including pulverization, demineralization, hydrolysis of dentin and derivati-zation with o-phthaldialdehyde and A-acetyl-L-cysteine in order to obtain the enantioseparation of aspartic acid. Using a similar procedure, Benesova et al. [146] found that, in comparison with GC, HPLC provides shorter analysis time and higher sensitivity. 

Headache is one of the most frequent complaints which mankind suffers from. Most commonly the headache starts from one of the pain sensitive structures of the skull, but diseases originating outside the skull are also important causes of headache. Diseases of the eye, sinuses, jaw, teeth and neck often cause headache, but also visceral tissue may give rise to headache. The headache may be secondary to many diseases, e.g. anaemia and hypertension. Drug induced headache is not uncommon, either as an adverse reaction, e.g. to calcium antagonists and SSRIs, or as part of more complex problems in chronic headache. 

Teeth are most susceptible to the adverse effects of excess fluoride at the transition and early maturation stages of enamel development [87]. The timing of these stages varies with the type of tooth [88]. For the most prominent teeth, the upper central incisors, the most sensitive period appears to be 13-24 months, with some indication that the timing varies slightly for boys and girls [87,88]. 

Emergency In vivo Tooth Dosimeter Oral Dosimeter. Tooth enamel is only material that records the accumulated radiation exposure dose in the past in a human body. An equipment for rapid dosimetry of teeth without their extraction was fabricated upon demand by Chernobyl medical doctors to judge whether immediate medical care such as spinal transplantation is necessary.97 A portable test apparatus of in vivo human tooth dosimeter consists of a resonator cavity with an aperture and a permanent magnet of Nd-B-Fe alloy (Neomax). The sensitivity is not sufficient due to the low Q factor and non-uniform magnetic field at the tooth. 

One of the rarer porphyrias results in an accumulation of uroporphyrinogen I, an abnormal isomer of a protoporphyrin precursor. This compound stains the urine red, causes the teeth to fluoresce strongly in ultraviolet light, and makes the skin abnormally sensitive to sunlight. Many individuals with this porphyria... 

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