Technological Specifications

There are a number of key technological specifications that have to be met, for a solar textile to prove viable. The performance of the cells must not be compromised by the textile fabric in particular, there must be efficient and durable conducting paths within the fabric to deliver the current from the solar cells. Moreover, the textile is very likely to contain additives which assist the processing of the fabric, and indeed of the fibres themselves, and additionally enhance the fabric s performance as a product. Not only should the additives not compromise the performance of the solar cells, but also conversely, the solar cells should not impair the performance of the fabric or its associated additives. Where solar cells are bonded to a fabric surface, the surface properties will necessarily be changed. These changes will have implications for the 

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On the positive side, the three-dimensional nature of the resource provides it with a distinct advantage compared to other solar technologies. Specifically, because siting usually involves placing the individual turbines as high as possible, typically spacing turbines about 2 to 3 blade diameters apart crosswind and 10 diameters apart downwind, only a small fraction of a wind farm area is actually occupied. The rest of the land remains available for other appHcations, such as crop production or Hvestock grazing. 

Part of quality function deployment to systematically assess relations between Q attributes and technological specifications. 

In addition to the technology-specific factors described above, additional factors may also affect the performance and cost of any MPE system. These factors include... 

Developments and Cost Reductions on Renewable Energy Market Growth. Six Technology-Specific Reports Prepared Within the Project REMAC2000 - in Co-operation With the International Energy Agency. Switzerland NET, Ltd. 

IVIVC. However, if some a priori information suggests a different relationship (perhaps technology-specific) or a range of relationships, then it would make sense to use these to aid the formulation-selection decisions. 

Technology-specific cosl information is available in Ihe RIMS dalabase for Ihe following technologies ... 

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has published detailed cost estimates for the CF systems process and the Carver-Greenfield process, which include technology-specific costs and a breakdown of site-specific costs. In estimating costs for the CF Systems Process, the U.S. EPA postulated the following scenarios ... 

Cell technology Specific energy Specific power at 80%... 

These structures have promise for serving particular measurement niches. By far, the most promising method appears to be the optode technology, specifically for monitoring a variety of biochemical species. While there already is a substantial amount of research on these devices, much more remains to be done to insure rapid advances in these areas. 

Lead the development of technology specific reactive chemicals training. 

The modelling studies of Neuhoff et al. (this issue) include an example where technology-specific new entrant reserves, extended into technology-specific incumbent free allocations in future periods, result in coal plants being constructed that would not have been economic in the absence of the EU ETS. 

The economically efficient allocation methods are auctions or a one-off free allocation of allowances. The first set of impacts will result if allowances are only allocated in the future, if the power stations are operational today. The value of future allocations delays closure of plants beyond their socially efficient lifespan. This effect is reinforced if the amount of allocation increases with the C02 intensity of the technology. With such technology-specific allocation, more C02-intensive technologies receive additional encouragement to stay operational, further delaying the shift towards less C02-intensive power stations. 

Although technology-specific benchmarks may he intended as incentives for clean technologies, at the same time, they also provide channels to make concessions for technologies and sites that cannot achieve lower emission targets (Entec and NERA, 2005). 

The basic methods of finishing used for plastics and for other substances like paper, textiles, ferrous and non-ferrous metals were developed originally from each other, so necessarily there are similarities between them—but the evolution of a technology specific for plastics was essential and therefore inevitable. 

The use of infrared (IR) spectroscopy as a reaction monitoring technique for SPS has become more frequent over the last few years with the introduction of technologies specifically aimed toward SP reactions. Even so, a number of reports describing the use of classical IR by thorough mixing of a few milligrams of grounded resin beads in KBr pellets have appeared (150, 151). 

In addition to the general criteria discussed above, each assay technology can also suffer from technology-specific interference of chemical compounds. Auto-fluorescent compounds can interfere with any fluorescence-based readout. In assays that use the biotin-streptavidin interaction, biotin analogs are potential false positives. 

Emulsion characterization and technology development have been driven by the medical, agricultural, food, and cosmetics industries the petroleum and oil industries have borrowed these technologies and adapted them to their particular applications. A number of books and review articles discuss aspects of emulsion technologies specifically related to oil-field and petroleum applications 14, IS), These petroleum applications have become especially important since the advent of surfactant flooding and other tertiary oil recovery methods in which emulsions are used and/or formed. 

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