Groundwater cleanup

Because electrons are conserved, chemical detoxification of water containing either of these contaminants requires a substance that easily donates electrons. A suitable electron donor for groundwater cleanup must also be relatively inexpensive and must not itself be a source of toxicity. 

Wegeng mentions the use of micro reactors for the cleanup of environmental contamination [1]. In particular, he refers to downwell groundwater cleanup by micro-chemical separations and conversions such as destruction of organics. 

Greenberg, R., 1997, Plume Dating Combines Science with Good Detective Work Soil and Groundwater Cleanup, February-March, pp. 30-33. 

Uhler, A. D., McCarthy, K. J., and Stout, S. A., 1999, Improving Petroleum Remediation Monitoring with Forensic Chemistry Soil Groundwater Cleanup, April/May, pp. 26-27. 

Water and hydrocarbons occurring together, in shallow aquifer systems, may be considered immiscible for flow calculation purposes however, each is somewhat soluble in the other. Since groundwater cleanup is the purpose behind restorations, it receives greater attention. Definition of water quality based on samples retrieved from monitoring wells relies heavily upon the concentration of individual chemical components found dissolved in those samples. An understanding of the processes that cause concentration gradients is important for the proper interpretation of analytical results. 

Green, S. R. and Dorrler, R. C., 1996, Four Bullets Shoot Down Costs Soil and Groundwater Cleanup, March, pp. 35-39. 

Parker, J., 1995, Bioslurping Enhances Free Product Recovery Soil and Groundwater Cleanup, October, pp. 53-56. 

Bergsman, T. and Trowbridge, B., 1997, Soil Vapor Extraction to the Sixth Degree Soil and Groundwater Cleanup, July, pp. 7-11. 

Brubaker, G. R., 1999, Considering Advanced Techniques for Enhanced Recovery of NAPL Soil and Groundwater Cleanup, June/July, pp. 10-11. 

Haddad, J., Geddes, T., and Kurzanski, P., 1996, Rail Site Crosses Excavation, Bioremediation Strategies Soil and Groundwater Cleanup, August/September, pp. 6-11. 

Piotrowski, M. and Cunningham, J., 1996, Factors to Consider before Adding Microbes and Nutrients Soil and Groundwater Cleanup, May, pp. 44-51. 

Sellers, K., 1996, Keep Your Eyes on the Prize Soil and Groundwater Cleanup, January-Feb-ruary, pp. 34-37. 

Development of analytical and numerical groundwater models to (1) predict the fate and transport of LNAPL and its dissolved constituents (2) provide more reliable LNAPL volume determinations and (3) enhance design for optimal groundwater cleanup strategies ... 

Wiedemeier, T. H. and Pound, M. 1, 1998, Natural Attenuation can be an Option for Chlorinated Solvents Soil and Groundwater Cleanup May, pp. 34-36. 

NAS (1994) Alternatives for groundwater cleanup. Report of the National Academy of Science Committee on Groundwater Cleanup Alternatives. National Academy Press, Washington DC... 

The capital cost includes a batch powdered activated carbon system, groundwater equahzation tank, O M manual, startup and training services, and 6 months of site operational services. O M costs cover the entire contaminated groundwater cleanup operation, including analytical. 

Aly, A. H., and Peralta, R. C. (1999a). "Comparison of a genetic algorithm and mathematical programming to the design of groundwater cleanup systems." Water Resour. Res., 35(8), 2415-2425. 

Scherer MM, Richter S, Valentine RL, Alvarez PJJ. Chemistry and microbiology of reactive barriers for in situ groundwater cleanup. Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol 2000 30 363 111. 

Wilson, D. J. and R. D. Norris (1997). Groundwater cleanup by in-situ sparging, engineered bioremediation with aeration curtains. Separation Science Technol. 32,16, 2569-2589. 

Nascarella M. A., Kostecki P., Calabrese E., and Click D. (2002) AEHS s 2001 survey of states soil and groundwater cleanup standards. Contamin. Soil Sedim. Water, Jan./Feb., 15-68. 

Bekins B. A., Rittmann B. E., and MacDonald J. A. (2001b) Natural attenuation strategy for groundwater cleanup focuses on demonstrating cause and effect. EOS Trans. S3, 57—58. 

Judge C, Kostecki P, Calabrese E. 1997. State summaries of soil cleanup standards. Soil and Groundwater Cleanup. November, pp. 10-34. 

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