Taxus

Taxotere [114977-28-5] Taxus brevifolia Taxus breviofolia Taylor cells Taylors borate... 

Off-Shoot-O. The methyl esters of the Cg—C 2 fatty acids (40) are collectively sold under the name Off-Shoot-O and are closely related to 1-decanol, the fatty alcohol sold to control axillary shoots in tobacco. The material is a contact-type chemical used to pinch ornamental plants such as a2aleas, cotoneaster, juniper Juniperus sp. privet, rhamnus, and taxus (Taxus sp. sp.). As a result of treatment the shmbs become bushier. The mode of action is by plasmolysis of the young, sensitive tissues. Therefore, appHcation timing may be critical. 

Ephedrine also oeeurs in the leaves of the yew tree [Taxus baccata) and in Sida rhombifolia Linn, whilst Stockman s cathine from Catha edulis Forsk has been shown by Wolfes to be d-nor- -ephedrine. Ghosh, Chopra and Dutt state that the bark of Moringa pterygosperma Gaertn. contains two alkaloids similar to ephedrine in pharmacological action. The more active of the two, moringinine, is amorphous the other is a liquid but jdelds a crystalline hydrochloride, C,H. HCl, m.p. 254-4°, + 1-8°, a picrate, m.p. 195°, and an aurichloride, m.p. 170-8°. 

Taxine, C3,HgiOioN, is contained in the leaves, shoots and fruits of the yew (Taxus baccata), from which it was first isolated by Lucas. It was investigated by Marm, Hilger and Brande, Amato and Capparelli, Thorpe and Stubbs, Winterstein et al., Kondo et al., Takahashi and Gulland et al. ... 

A phytochemical investigation of taxine in the yew has been conducted by Kuhn and Schafer, who have devised special methods for the detection, estimation and purification of the alkaloid. Masson states that Taxus canadensis contains an alkaloid giving the colour reactions of taxine but different from it in being crystalline and having m.p. 238-9° no ephedrine was present. 

A new antitumor drug, taxol, has been isolated from the bark of Taxus brevifolia, the Pacific yew tree. Like vinblastine and colchicine, taxol inhibits cell replication by acting on microtubules. Unlike these other antimitotic drugs, however, taxol stimulates microtubule polymerization and stabilizes microtubules. 

Taxus baccata 656 Taxus brevifolia 655 Tebbe reagent 703 telomerization 354 ff. a-terpineol 5 tertiary radicals 409, 413 tether, disposable 664 tetrahedrane 12... 

Taxanes (paclitaxel, docetaxel) are derivatives of yew tree bark (Taxus brevifolia). They stabilize microtubules in the polymerized state leading to nonfunctional microtubular bundles in the cell. Inhibition occurs during G2- and M-phases. Taxanes are also radiosensitizers. Unwanted effects include bone marrow suppression and cumulative neurotoxicity. 

Anticancer drugs originally extracted from the cortex of Taxus brevifolia or Taxus baccata. They block cell division by inhibiting tubulin depolymerization. Two... 

F.14 Paclitaxel, which is extracted from the Pacific yew tree Taxus brevifolia, has antitumor activity for ovarian and breast cancer. It is sold under the trade name Taxol. On analysis, its mass percentage composition is 66.11% C, 6.02% H, and 1.64% N, with the balance being oxygen. What is the empirical formula of paclitaxel ... 

Another drug is taxol, which is extracted from the bark of the Pacific yew tree, Taxus brevijolia. Unlike colchicine and the vinca alkaloids, taxol binds tightly to microtubules and stabilizes them against depolymerization by Ca. It also enhances the rate and yield of microtubule assembly, thereby decreasing the amount of soluble tubulin in the cytosol pool. Again, the overall effect of taxol is to arrest dividing cells in mitosis. Taxol is used in cancer chemotherapy. 

Administration (FDA) approval of SIBS, used as the polymeric coating on the Taxus coronary stent, opened new avenues for polyisobutylene-based TPEs in biomedical engineering. 

US FDA. Taxus Express 2 PacUtaxel-Eluting Coronary Stent System (Monorail and Over the Wire), P030025, 2004. 

Ranade, S.V. et al. Physical characterization of controlled release of pacUtaxel from the TAXUS Express 2 drug-eluting stent, J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 71 A, 625, 2004. 

Taxus cuspidata rotating wall vessel laminar biomass and metabolite productivity growth [106]... 

Soule et al. [141] constructed a sparged, concentric cylinder bioreactor for the cultivation of suspensions of Pirus malus. Growth was reduced under all rotational conditions. Sun and Linden [106] employed a rotating wall vessel (Rotary Cell Culture System, Synthecon, Houston, TX, USA) to cultivate suspensions of Taxus cuspidata under laminar flow conditions. Shear rates were... 

Wani MC, Taylor HL, Wall ME, Coggon P, McPhail AT. Plant antitumor agents. VI. The isolation and structure of taxol, a novel antileukemic and antitumor agent from Taxus brevifolia. J Am Chem Soc 1971 93 2325-7. 

In this work, a suspension culture of Taxus chinensis, which produces a bioactive taxoid, taxuyunnanine C (Tc), was taken as a model plant cell system. Experiments on the timing of jasmonates addition and dose response indicated that day 7 and 100 pM was the optimal elicitation time and concentration for both cell growth and Tc accumulation [8]. ITie Tc accumulation was increased more in the presence of novel hydroxyl-containing jasmonates compared to that with methyl jasmonate (MJA) addition. For example, addition of 100 pM... 

Starting from needles of Taxus baccata (1 g 10-deacetyl baccatin III obtained from 1000 g dried needles). 

Lignans From Taxus Species G. Topcu O. Demirkiran... 

FIGURE 11.2 (a) Photocopy and densitogram of PLC of and extract of Taxus brevifolia (needles), system Si02/CHCl3 + B +... 

For example, an alumina layer with a nonaqueons mobile phase was optimized for the separation of the taxoid fraction from ballast snbstances [5]. Figure 11.3 shows the densitogram obtained for Taxus baccata cmde extract chromatographed on the alnmina layer developed with nonaqueous elnents. The nse of ethyl acetate and dichloromethane enables elntion of nonpolar fractions (chlorophylls and waxes) and purification of the starting zone (Figure 11.3a). In this system, all taxoids are strongly retained on the alumina layer. The use of a more polar mobile phase... 

Taxoids Taxus baccata SiOj B - CHCI3 - MejCO - MeOH UV 254 Optimization of 4 C/)... 

Taxoids Taxus walichiana cell SiOj B + MejCO UV 254 nm Isolation 83... 

FIGURE 11.21 Densitograms of PLC of Taxus baccata fraction from preparative column (silica/aqueous methanol) containing unknown taxoid (Tax 1) introduced to the layer with a set of capillaries with simultaneous evaporation of solvent from the starting band. System silica/CH2Cl2 + DX + Me2CO + MeOH (84 10 5 1). Plates double developed (a) 0.3 ml of fraction introduced (b) 0.5 ml of fraction introduced (c) 1 ml of fraction introduced to the layer. 

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