Targeting methods

In Chap. 10, modification of the process for reducing process waste was considered in detail. It also was concluded that to minimize utility waste, the single most effective measure would be improved heat recovery. The energy-targeting methods presented in Chaps. 6 and 7 maximize heat recovery for a given set of process conditions. However, the process conditions can be changed to improve the heat recovery further. 

PNA Target Method Modification Cell type/line Assay Reference... 

Once several target methods employing, e.g., LC/MS/MS techniques have been combined, a multi-residue method will evolve which includes the DEC S19 extraction procedures in combination with the generally applicable GPC cleanup and requires automatic multiple injections to circumvent the limitations of the limited HPLC peak capacity and the target-specific MS/MS methods. 

The pinch design method, as discussed so far, has assumed the same A Tmin applied between all stream matches. In Chapter 16, it was discussed how the basic targeting methods for the composite curves and the problem table algorithm can be modified to allow stream-specific values of A Tmin. The example was quoted in which liquid streams were required to have a A Tmin contribution of 5°C and gas streams a ATmin contribution of 10°C. For liquid-liquid matches, this would lead to a ATmin = 10°C. For gas-gas matches, this would lead to a ATmin = 20°C. For liquid-gas matches, it will lead to a ATmin = 15°C 2. Modifying the problem table and the composite curves to account for these stream-specific values of ATmin is straightforward. But how is the pinch design method modified to take account of such A Tmin contributions Figure 18.9 illustrates the approach. Suppose the interval pinch temperature from the problem table is 120°C. This would correspond with hot stream pinch temperatures of 125°C and 130°C for hot streams with ATmin contributions of 5°C and 10°C respectively. For... 

D Fleisher, BH Stewart, GL Amidon. Design of prodrugs for improved GI absorption by intestinal enzyme targeting. Methods Enzymol 112 360-381, 1985. 

Hallale, N., 2002. A new graphical targeting method for water minimization. Adv. Environ. Res., 6 377-390... 

I. Zadrozna, K. Polec Pawlak, I.Ghich, M.A. Ackacha, M. Mojski, J. Witowska Jarosz and M. Jarosz, Old master paintings a fruitful field of activity for analysts targets, methods, outlook, J. Sep. Sci., 26, 996 1004(2003). 

Natural Products Synthesis II Targets, Methods, Concecpts... 

Contents of Volume 244 Natural Product Synthesis Targets, Methods, Concepts... 

Nuovo GJ (2010) In situ detection of microR-NAs in parafiin embedded, formalin fixed tissues and the co-localization of their putative targets. Methods 52 307-315... 

Lipid analyses include both global profiling of the main lipid classes and targeted methods for specific lipid classes which are usually not covered by the global methods due to their low concentrations (e.g., eicosanoids, steroids), instability, or other physicochemical features. Different analytical methods are typically needed for these two approaches. 

DMP quantified a -tenfold increase in NAE levels in FA AH-knockout (FAAH / ) mice, as compared to wild type (FAAH+/+) mice, an estimate that matched closely with measurements made by targeted methods using isotopic standards [53] (Fig. 5). Remarkably, in addition to detecting known FAAH substrates, DMP also identified a large number of changing ions in these samples that belonged to metabolites of unknown structure. These metabolites were isolated and subsequently characterized through a combination of MS and chemical synthesis [4, 29],... 

Kuhn, R. and R. Torres (2002) Cre/loxP recombination and gene targeting. Methods in Molecular Biology 180,175-204. 

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