Target-sensitive system

Wang XL, Xu R, Lu ZR (2009) A peptide-targeted delivery system with pH-sensitive amphiphilic cell membrane disruption for efficient receptor-mediated siRNA delivery. J Control Release 134 207-213... 

As observed in mammalian models, the immune system of fishes is a sensitive target organ system to evaluate toxicity. For a more thorough review of environmental immunotoxicology in fishes, with reference to specific classes of xenobiotics, readers are referred to several reviews that deal with the subject over a span of nearly three decades [45-47, 54-57], While fish in the environment may be exposed to a variety of xenobiotics, the most frequently investigated xenobiotics are the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (HAHs) due to the presence and activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in fish, and heavy metals due to their ubiquitous environmental distribution. 

Devalapally H, Shenoy D, Little S, Langer R, Amiji M (2007) Polyethylene oxide)-modified poly(beta-amino ester) nanoparticles as a pH-sensitive system for tumor-targeted delivery of... 

For simpler catechols employed in plant chemical defense we have synthesized and studied more complex analogs into which biological-receptor-site-directing functionality has been integrated to examine the potential of these redox-sensitive systems for inactivating targeted receptors. These modified catechols are models for selective receptor inactivation. 

Devalapally, H., Shenoy, D., Little, S., Langer, R., and Amiji, M. (2007), Poly(ethylene oxide)-modified poly(beta-amino ester) nanoparticles as a pH-sensitive system for tumor-targeted delivery of hydrophobic drugs Part 3. Therapeutic efficacy and safety studies in ovarian cancer xenograft model, Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol., 59(4), 477-484. 

As briefly described above, the nervous system has some unique biochemical and physical characteristics that can contribute to its relative sensitivity to xenobiotics including CWAs. Many CWAs adversely affect the nervous system, and some of these have been covered in detail in subsequent chapters. This chapter provides a discussion to illustrate how some CWAs may directly or indirectly target nervous system functions. 

Intermediate-Duration. No human data on the toxicity of di- -butyl phthalate following intermediate-duration exposure were identified. Systemic, reproductive, and developmental effects have been observed in animals following oral exposure. The liver appears to be the most sensitive systemic target in rats and mice exposed to di- -butyl phthalate in the diet for 13 weeks (NTP 1995 Schilling et al. 1992). The reproductive effects consist of testicular atrophy with decreases in spermatogenesis (Murakami et al. 

Cui, L., Cohen, J.A., Broaders, K.E., Beaudette, T.T., Frechet, J.M. Mannosylated dextran nanoparticles a pH-sensitive system engineered for immunomodulation through mannose targeting. Bioconjug. Chem. 22, 949-957 (2011)... 

Research in the rapidly expanding field of stimuli-sensitive polymers includes the synthesis of responsive materials possessing novel functions and tunable properties, investigation of the thermodynamics and kinetics of the transitions involved, and elucidation of mechanisms operative at the molecular level [1]. The ability to precisely tailor the structures and properties of stimuli-responsive polymers has resulted in a plethora of advanced applications. For example, stimuli-responsive polymers are utilized in controlled and targeted delivery systems, (bio)sensors and diagnostics. 

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