Tanks explosion

Kuchta, J. M., Cato, R. J., and Gilbert, W. H. 1970. Flame Arrester Materials for Fuel Tank Explosion Protection. Safety Research Center Report No. S4/38. Safety Research Center, Bureau of Mines, Pittsburgh, PA. 

Roussakis, N. 1988. The Hazard of an Oil Storage Tank Explosion from Lightning Strike at a Flare Stack. Technical Paper (May 1988). Westech Industrial Limited, Calgary, Alberta, Canada... 

Roussakis, N. and Lapp. K. 1989. Prevention of Oil Storage Tank Explosions m Flaring Operations. Paper presented at the Canadian Petroleum Association Accident Prevention Committee, March 20, 1989, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. 

Reid, R. C. 1979. Possible mechanism for pressurized-liquid tank explosions or BLEVE s. Science. 203(3). 

A concern was raised about potential impacts to the building occupants from an explosion or tank fire resulting from a Class 1B flammable liquid spill within the tank dike. There was also a concern about a potential tank explosion. 

Offshore Oil Storage Platform Fuel Tank Explosion due to welding on piping connected to tanks still containing oil 9 Fatalities... 

Staten Island, NY, USA, LNG Storage Tank, Explosion/Fire Tank was undergoing refurbishment for an internal tom lining 40 Fatalities, 14,000,000 loss... 

Philadelphia, PA, USA, Refinery, Explosion/Fire Storage Tank Explosion... 

Logan Township, NJ. USA, Storage Tank, Explosion/Fire Rollins Environmental Services 5 Fatalities... 

On the day of the incident, CSI was in the process of producing its first full-scale batch of 50 wt-percent HA. After the distillation process was shut down, the HA contained in one of the process tanks explosively decomposed. The last recorded concentration of the HA solution in the tank was 86 wt-percent. HA has been shown to explosively decompose at high concentrations (i.e., 85 wt-percent Koseki and Iwata, 2001). 

Research studies conducted in both areas are reviewed in this section. C. Dissolver Tank Explosions... 

Sallack (1955) was the first to publish a study of dissolver-tank explosions. He was motivated by incidents which occurred in a soda pulp operation with a dissolver tank 4.3 m in diameter and 3.7 m tall. Molten smelt entered the tank at the top and was to be broken up with a jet of recirculating green liquor. Agitation of the bulk liquid was also accomplished by air jets. Operation was normally smooth, but if a boiler upset led to a sharp increase in smelt flow, then the smelt-green liquor breakup operation was inefficient and unbroken slugs of smelt could enter the bulk green liquor in the tank. Explosions could then occur. 

Nelson, H. W., and Kennedy, E. H. (1956a). What causes Kraft dissolvii tank explosions. Pap. Trade J. 140(29), SO. 

Lessons Learned from an On-Plot Refinery Tank Explosion, K. Ann Paine... 

Lessons Learned from a Process Tank Explosion, Steven R. Marwitz, Randall P. Smith, and Rashid Hamsayeh... 

Three pulp mill workers died after inhalation of fumes for approximately 10-15 minutes from a nitric acid tank explosion (concentrations not available). No significant respiratory complaints were apparent during initial examination. However, 4—6 hours later they became cyanotic with frothy fluid escaping from the nose and mouth. All died in less than 24 hours. Necropsy showed bronchiolar epithelial necrosis, marked capillary engorgement, and slight interstitial edema of alveoli the lungs were five times heavier than normal and released abundant frothy fluid from all lobes. The delayed manifestations of lung injury were consistent... 

Dissolving Tank Explosions — Practical Step Towards Eliminating. A device is described for controlling dissolving tank expins in a sulfate mill by shattering the smelt stream with a mech fan-like device above the liquor level in the tank... 

Dissolving tank explosives-practical step towards eliminating 5 D1508... 

Hazardous properties and handling procedures are summarised [1], Conditions under which it may explode by detonation, heat or shock were determined. It was concluded that it is potentially very explosive and precautions are necessary to prevent its exposure to severe shock or high temperatures in use [2], Later work, following two rail tank explosions, showed that shock caused by sudden application of gas pressure, or sudden forced flow through restrictions, could detonate the liquid. The stability and... 

Dixon, T., Gross Voided Flame Arresters for Fuel Tank Explosion Protection, Boeing Aerospace Co Technical Report AFAPL-TR-73-124, February 1974. 

In the case of most tanks, explosion venting is accomplished by lifting of part, or all of the roof For this to take place the roof must be attached to the top peripheral angle by the smallest feasible weld. API standards specif that the weld be no greater than 5 mm (3/16 in). Preferably this weld should be of the order of3 mm or 4 mm. 

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