T = table

Chauvenet t tables can be used to decide whether one measurement in a series of measurements is a true outlier or can be rejected as statistically not significant. 

Adipic acid is a very large volume organic chemical. Worldwide production in 1986 reached 1.6 x 10 t (3.5 x 10 lb) (158) and in 1989 was estimated at more than 1.9 x 10 t (Table 7). It is one of the top fifty (159) chemicals produced in the United States in terms of volume, with 1989 production estimated at 745,000 t (160). Growth rate in demand in the United States for the period 1988—1993 is estimated at 2.5% per year based on 1987—1989 (160). Table 7 provides individual capacities for U.S. manufacturers. Western European capacity is essentially equivalent to that in the United States at 800,000 t/yr. Demand is highly cycHc (161), reflecting the automotive and housing markets especially. Prices usually foUow the variabiUty in cmde oil prices. Adipic acid for nylon takes about 60% of U.S. cyclohexane production the remainder goes to caprolactam for nylon-6, export, and miscellaneous uses (162). In 1989 about 88% of U.S. adipic acid production was used in nylon-6,6 (77% fiber and 11% resin), 3% in polyurethanes, 2.5% in plasticizers, 2.7% miscellaneous, and 4.5% exported (160). 

The total commercial lecithin potential if all vegetable oils were degummed worldwide would be 552,000 t (Table 7). Although soybean, sunflower, and rape lecithins are available in the market, the principal commercial interest is only in soybean lecithin. The aimual worldwide production is 130,000 t (Table 8). 

Japan, Canada, and the United States accounted for 70% of the 1995 estimated world production of 2000 t (Table 5). At least 100 t of selenium was also available to Western markets from the former Soviet bloc. Selenium production is expected to rise in South America, particularly Chile, as the copper industry continues rapid expansion. A considerable amount of unrefined selenium is also shipped to Chile and the Philippines for conversion to final commercial product by either hydrometaHurgical or distillation processes. 

Calculated from PN T tables of McCarty, Hord, and Roder, NBS Monogr. 168, 1981. 

Ot = significance level, usually set at. 10,. 05, or. 01 t = tabled t value corresponding to the significance level Ot. For a two-tailed test, each corresponding tail would have an area of Ot/2, and for a one-tailed test, one tail area would be equal to Ot. If O" is known, then z would be used rather than the t. t = (x- il )/ s/Vn) = sample value of the test statistic. 

Equation (12-17) is called the photostationary state expression for ozone. Upon examination, one sees that the concentration of ozone is dependent on the ratio NO2/NO for any value of k. The maximum value of k is dependent on the latitude, time of year, and time of day. In the United States, the range of k is from 0 to 0.55 min T Table 12-5 illustrates the importance of the NO2/NO ratio with respect to how much ozone is required for the photostationary state to exist. The conclusion to be drawn from this table is that most of the NO must be converted to NO2 before O3 will build up in the atmosphere. This is also seen in the diurnal ambient air patterns shown in Fig. 12-2 and the smog chamber simulations shown in Fig. 12-3. It is apparent that without hydrocarbons, the NO is not converted to NO2 efficiently enough to permit the buildup of O3 to levels observed in urban areas. 

ABS, polycarbonate and polysulphone) but large effects on crystalline polymers. It is particularly interesting, as well as being technically important, that for many crystalline polymers the unfilled polymer has a heat deflection temperature (at 1.82MPa stress) similar to the Tg, whereas the filled polymers have values close to the T (Table 9.2). 

The main difference between the two models lies in the fitted scattering rate T (Table 2) which is considerably smaller, one order of magnitude, for the BM then for the MG model. Moreover, we also notice that (Op(a ) > (Oy,(aj.) and that cOp is slightly larger in BM compared to MG. According to the band structure... 

The t (Student s t) distribution is an unbounded distribution where the mean is zero and the variance is v/(v - 2), v being the scale parameter (also called degrees of freedom ). As v -> < , the variance —> 1 (standard normal distribution). A t table such as Table 1-19 is used to find values of the t statistic where... 

V (degrees of freedom), a mean of v, and a variance of 2v. Values of the X characteristic are obtained from a table such as Table 1-20, which is of similar construction as the t table (Table 1-19). 

From the t-tables, the value of t for the 95 per cent confidence level with (n— 1), i.e. three degrees of freedom, is 3.18. 

It is then related to a set of t-tables (Appendix 12) in which the probability (P) of the t-value falling within certain limits is expressed, either as a percentage or as a function of unity, relative to the number of degrees of freedom. 

From t-tables for eleven degrees of freedom (one less than those used in the calculation)... 

The value for t is taken from the 95 per cent confidence limit column of the t-tables for n — 1 degrees of freedom. 

Zero sampling error Eq. (1.6) reduces to Vreprod = V repeat-Independent individual samples/measurements in the sense of Fig. 1.5. A result that is nearer to the SL(/ and an accepted risk of 5% (alpha/2 = 0.05 for the single-sided test use the alpha = 0.1 column in the t-table). 

Let us assume that messages from the digital thermometer are tagged with the identifier "00." The rest of the message conveys information about the current temperature, T. Table 9.1 shows how the message sent from the digital probe provides information about reactor conditions. 

Our precision as the standard deviation (s) of these five replicate measurements is calculated as 0.114 with n- 1=4 degrees of freedom. The /-value from the t table, a = 0.95, degrees of freedom as 4, is 2.776. 

When inhibited oxidation is quasistationary with respect to hydroperoxide, the induction period t can be expressed through [InH]0, [RH], v , and the rate constants of key reactions (see Equations [8.8] [8.14]). Parametric equations make it possible to derive simple expressions for t. Table 14.8 summarizes expressions for log x in terms of k2 and k2, T, /, and /3 = k2/kd. 

Pretsch, E., Simon, W., Seibl, J., Clerc, T., Tables of Spectral Data for Structure Determination of Organic Compounds, 2nd edn., Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1989... 

For the economic comparison of the two storage options, the specific re-electrifi-cation costs of the stored wind energy are calculated. These costs are made up of the investment, operation and maintenance costs, input electricity costs (wind electricity) and the fuel costs (natural gas). As hydrogen technologies are not in a commercial state, the calculation is also performed with target costs for electrolysers. Carbon emissions are also monetarily included, assuming a certificate price of 20/t. Table 16.2 summarises the major economic assumptions. 

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