And conveying information

Peele, P., Salazar, I., Mimmack, M., Keveme, E. B. and Brennan, P. A. (2003) Low molecular weight constituents of male mouse urine mediate the pregnancy block effect and convey information about the identity of the mating male. Eur. J. Neurosci. 18, 622-8. 

The most important use of energy level diagrams described in 3.5 is to interpret visible to near-infrared spectra of transition metal compounds and minerals. The diagrams provide qualitative energy separations between split 3d orbitals and convey information about the number and positions of absorption bands in a crystal field spectrum. Two other properties of absorption bands alluded to in 3.3 are their intensities and widths. 

Because olfactory receptors can detect a wide array of structural types (in principle, any), the evolution of pheromones has been influenced primarily by ecological factors. First, certain types of chemical compounds can travel great distances and convey information in complex environments, including those that lack light. These compounds can be adapted, through evolution, to the medium within which the animal functions (e.g., water or air). Second, other types of chemicals are sufficiently stable that they can convey information for extended periods terrestrial species benefit most from these. Third, complex structures and/or mixtures of smaller structures can be information-rich and highly specific (i.e., immune to eavesdropping by other species because of the selective nature of olfactory receptors). Finally, products that are readily and naturally produced by... 

Similarly, pharmaceutical care documentation is intended to improve care delivered to patients and convey information to fellow practitioners. Three important purposes for documentation of the care delivered to patients in a pharmaceutical care practice are to (1) ensure continuity of patient care over the course of the therapeutic relationship, (2) evaluate actual patient... 

Tools are among the most archaeologically valuable artifacts. Their intrinsic value seldom approaches the expense of excavating and conserving them. However, as bearers of information, tools contain and convey information about the nature of the problems they were made to solve. Just as important, tools provide evidences of the definition of those problems and the choice of solutions. The choices we make of methods to accomplish goals and solve problems reflect our society s methods of problem identification and solving, and its attitudes toward materials and the proper ways to deal with them. Tools are excellent reflectors of patterning. 

Preinitialization—An Undisturbed Open Circuit Potential Measurement This step measures, stores, and presents to the screen the interfacial potential of the electroconductive transducer in its electrolyte or test environment. This measurement is made of the complete polymer film relative to a reversible Ag/AgCl, CP electrode that also contacts the electrolyte. The unperturbed open circuit potential is diagnostic of the redox state of the device and conveys information about the integrity of the transducer. 

Effective plans should always be written and convey information about the importance of the program and who is responsible for carrying out program responsibilities. Drills are essential. 

In RNA the sugar is ribose and uracil replaces thymine. Different varieties of RNA exist with widely different molecular weights. Messenger RNA conveys information in the form of the sequence of bases from DNA to RNA on the ribosomes, where proteins are... 

Each chapter starts with a description of the topic covered in the chapter. This is followed by a short example highlighting a reported incident involving a batch reaction system. The case study is followed by a listing of key issues and process safety practices unique to the topic. The issues and concerns presented in this book, as well as potential design solutions and sources of additional information are presented in the tables. This format concisely conveys the necessary and relevant information in a familiar and convenient format. The organization of the tables is described below. 

Control procedures control work on product as it passes between departments or processes. These should contain the forms which convey information from department to department and reference the operating procedures that apply to each task. 

While you may not service your products, others may well do so and the standard requires that you collect information generated by the servicing organizations and convey it to those who can use it to improve the product and the manufacturing processes. This means that you will need to establish liaison links with servicing organizations and enlist their support in reporting to you any concerns they have about the serviceability or maintainability of the product, the availability of spare parts, and the usability of the manuals and other information you have provided. 

In addition to the activities described here, don t forget that training (discussed in Section 7.4) has a significant communications component. The goal of both is to convey information in a way that influences behavior. Sound communications can help lay the groundwork for effective training and subsequent performance. 

The first set of case studies illustrates errors due to the inadequate design of the human-machine interface (HMI). The HMI is the boundary across which information is transmitted between the process and the plant worker. In the context of process control, the HMI may consist of analog displays such as chart records and dials, or modem video display unit (VDU) based control systems. Besides display elements, the HMI also includes controls such as buttons and switches, or devices such as trackballs in the case of computer controlled systems. The concept of the HMI can also be extended to include all means of conveying information to the worker, including the labeling of control equipment components and chemical containers. Further discussion regarding the HMI is provided in Chapter 2. This section contains examples of deficiencies in the display of process information, in various forms of labeling, and the use of inappropriate instrumentation scales. 

All of the information required for firms and individuals to pursue economic efficiency is conveyed by the price system. The price of natural gas relative to coal conveys information to all potential users of the... 

The best-understood sites of action of morphine are at spinal and brainstem/ midbrain loci, producing both the wanted and unwanted effects of the opioid. The spinal actions of opioids and their mechanisms of analgesia involve (1) reduced transmitter release from nociceptive C-fibres so that spinal neurons are less excited by incoming painful messages, and (2) postsynaptic inhibitions of neurons conveying information from the spinal cord to the brain. This dual action of opioids can result in a... 

The afferent fibres differ in their conduction velocity and degree of myelination, and can be distinguished by their diameter. The large diameter A S-fibres are myelinated by Schwann cells and hence have a fast conduction velocity. This group of nerve fibres innervates receptors in the dermis and is involved in the transmission of low-threshold, non-noxious information, such as touch. The A5-fibre is less densely myelinated and conveys both non-noxious and noxious sensory information. The unmyelinated C-fibre conveys high-threshold noxious inputs and has the slowest conduction velocity of all three fibre types. 

The vertebrates produce, send and detect information which is conveyed by one or more molecular types. Chemical information of biological value (semiochemicals) which partly or wholly activates the accessory olfactory system (AOS) is transferred during intra- and inter-species communication. The compounds involved convey messages of social importance originating from the need to co-ordinate gamete release. It seems quite likely that gradual improvements by selection of semiochemical molecules and their receptors eventually enhanced the reproductive benefits both for the sender and for the receiver (Sorensen, 1996). The dual olfactory systems interpret chemical input to allow the discrimination of odour... 

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