T-kinin

Ile-Ser-BK), is a BK analogue found only ia rats. BK, kaUidin, and T-kinin have similar pharmacological properties. 

Bradykinin Kallidin (lysyl-bradykinin) desArg9-bradykinin desAig10-kallidin (Lys°, desArg9-bradykinin) T-kinin (Ile-Ser-bradykinin)... 

Tissue-specific Agonists/Antagonists Tissue-type Plasminogen Activator T-kinin (Ile-Ser-Bradykinin)... 

Kinins. These hormones are small peptides that induce contraction of smooth muscles, lower blood pressure (Box 22-D), and increase vascular permeability.176 They also have a function in contact-activated blood coagulation. The most important human kinins are the nonapeptide bradykinin177178 and the related decapeptide lysine-bradykinin (Table 30-4). Other forms such as Met-Lys-bradykinin and Ile-Ser-bradykinin (T-kinin) are also known. The precursors to the kinins, the kininogens,176 are cleaved by the protease kallikrein (Fig. 12-17) or by kallikreinlike enzymes to form the kinins. Kinins are suspected of being important producers of pain in inflammatory conditions such as arthritis.1763... 

BRADYKININ RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST affinity for the Bj-receptor subtype. It has been used as a pharmacological tool. lle-Ser-bradykinin T-kinin. 

Other natural mammalian kinins include T-kinin, [Hyp lBK and [Hyp JKD. Relatively few agonist ligands are used experimentally. These include at Bpreceptors BKi.i, KD1.9 and Sar[DPhe ]BKi.8 and at B2-receptors, there are BK.KD, [Hyp3,Tyr(Me) ]BK and [Phe ,itr(CH2-NH)-ArgSJBK. 

T-kinin (lle-Ser-bradykinin) is a naturally occurring N-terminally extended homologue of bradykinin found in rats. TM 723 aclatonium napadisylate. 

Fields T, Ghebrehiwet B, Kaplan AP Kinin formation in hereditary angioedema plasma evidence against kinin derivation from C2 and in support of spontaneous formation of bradykinin. J Allergy 82 Chn Immunol 1983 72 54-60. 

Linz W, Wohlfart P, Scholkens BA, Ma-linski T, Wiemer G. 1999. Interactions among ACE, kinins and NO. Cardiovasc Res. 43 549-61... 

Matsumra Y, Kimura M, Yamamoto T, et al. Involvement of the kinin-generating cascade in enhanced vascular permeability in tumor tissue. Jpn J Cancer Res 1988 79 1327-1334. 

T. Fujiyoshi, I. Hayashi, and S. Oh-ishi. Kaolin induced writhing response in mice activation of the plasma kallikrein-kinin system by kaolin. J. Pharmacobiodyn. 12 483 (1989). 

Hatake K, Taniguchi T, Ouchi H, Sakaki N, Hishida S, Ijiri I (1990) Possible involvement of kinins in cardiovascular changes after alcohol intake. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 35 437-442... 

Moskowitz, R. W., Schwartz, H. J., Michel, B., Ratnoff, O. D. and Astrup, T., Generation of kinin-like agents by chondroitin sulfate, heparin, chitin sulfate, and human articular cartilage possible patho-physiologic implications, /. Lab. Clin. Med., 76, 790, 1970. 

Molla A, Yamamoto T, Akaike T, Miyoshi S, Maeda H. Activation of Hageman factor and prekallikrein and generation of kinin by various microbial proteinases. J Biol Chem 1989 264 10589-10594. 

Matsumura Y, Maruo K, Kimura M, Yamamoto T, Konno T, Maeda H. Kinin-generating cascade in advanced cancer patients and in vitro study. Jpn J Cancer Res 1991 82 732-741. 

Maeda H, Wu J, Okamoto T, Maruo K, Akaike T. Kallikrein-kinin in infection and cancer. Immunopharmacology 1999 43 115-128. 

Grenier, F.C., Rollins, T.E. and Smith W.L. (1981). Kinin-induced prostaglandin synthesis by renal papillary collecting tubule cells in culture. Am. ]. Physiol, 241, F94-F104... 

The complexity of this phenomenon is almost overwhelming. The MDP acts on the host s macrophages which are stimulated to release soluble kinins, which regulate lymphocytes. These kinins then activate both the B- and the T-cells to produce the immunoglobin antibodies (IgG) (see Pick, 1980). 

T rapnell, J. (1977) in Chemistry and Biology of the Kallikrein-Kinin System in Health and Disease (Pisano, J. and Austen, K., eds), Washington U.S. Government Printing Office. 

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