Prostaglandin induced

The salicylates are also potent antipyretic agents, with the exception of diflunisal, which is only weakly active. Aspirin acts at two distinct but related sites. It decreases prostaglandin-induced fever in response to pyrogens and induces a decrease in interleukin-1 modulation of the hypothalamic control of body temperature. Thus, the hypothalamic control of body temperature returns, vasodilation occurs, heat dissipates, and fever decreases. Other uses of aspirin include inhibition of platelet aggregation via inhibition of thromboxanes, which has been shown to decrease the incidence of blood clots, myocardial infarction, and transient ischemic attacks. 

The action of endogenous pyrogens on the hypothalamus produces fever, because of a readjustment ill the central set point controlling the body s internal temperature. Salicylates and other NSAIDs achieve their antipyretic effect by controlling the prostaglandin-induced release of pyrogens. 

Letts M, Pang E, Simons J. Prostaglandin-induced neonatal periostitis. J Pediatr Orthop 1994 14(6) 809-13. 

Stjernschantz JW, Albert DM, Hu DN, Drago F, Wistrand PJ. Mechanism and clinical significance of prostaglandin-induced iris pigmentation. Surv Ophthalmol 2002 47(Suppl l) S162-75. 

Nadroo AM, Shringari S, Garg M, al-Sowailem AM. Prostaglandin induced cortical hyperostosis in neonates with cyanotic heart disease. J Perinat Med 2000 28(6) 447-52. 

The author commented that the myocardial ischemia experienced by both of these patients was thought to be due to prostaglandin-induced coronary spasm. It would be prudent to monitor every woman treated with gemeprost during the course of an abortion. 

A major signalling pathway involves activation of a protein kinase that phosphorylates inhibitor kB proteins (IkBs) that normally inhibit the function of the nuclear transcription factor NFkB. Phosphorylation of IkB by the serine/threonine-specific IkB kinases (IKKs) leads to NFkB de-inhibition, nuclear translocation and expression of pro-inflammatory proteins such as inducible cyclooxygenase (iCOX) (which generates prostaglandins), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) (which generates vasodilatory and toxic free radicalgenerating NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines. 

Khasar SG, Wang J-F, Taiwo YO, Heller PH, Green PG, Levine JD (1995) Mu-opioid agonist enhancement of prostaglandin-induced hyperalgesia in the rat a G-protein beta gamma subunit-mediated effect Neuroscience 67 189-195... 

Johnstone MA, Albert DM. Prostaglandin-induced hair growth. Surv Ophthalmol 2002 47(suppl)l S185-202. 

Oxytocics, i.e. drugs that hasten childbirth, and prostaglandins induce uterine contractions. They are used to induce abortion, to induce or augment labour, and to minimise blood loss from the placental... 

Figure 5-4. Outline of postulated steps leading to prostaglandin-induced physiological events. AMP = adenosine monophosphate GMP = guanosine monophosphate PDE = phosphodiesterase.

Structures of the major prostaglandins and thromboxane A2 are shown in Figure 19.29. Thromboxane, A2 and, to a lesser extent, prostaglandins, induce platelet aggregation, an early step in blood clot formation. 

Jonuleit H, Kuhn U, Muller G, et al. (1997). Pro-inflammatory cytokines and prostaglandins induce maturation of potent immunostimulatory dendritic cells under fetal calf serum-free conditions. Eur. J. Immunol. 27 3135-3142. 

Taylor-Clark TE, Undem BJ, MacGlashan J, Ghatta S, Carr MJ, McAlexander MA (2007b) Prostaglandin-induced activation of nociceptive neurons via direct interaction with TRPAl. Mol Pharmacol Nov 13 [Epub ahead of print]... 

McNamara, D.B., Roulet, M.J., Gruetter, C.A., Hyman, A.L and Kodowitz, P.J. (1980). Correlation of prostaglandin-induced mitochondrial calcium release with contraction in bovine intrapulmonary vein. Prostaglandins, 20, 311-320... 

Cole, K. S., and Smith, R. J. F., Prostaglandin induced release of a female sex pheromone in the fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas, (in prep.). 

Oral terbutaline, a P-adrenoreceptor agonist, in a dose of 5-10 mg has been advocated for treatment of patients with prostaglandin-induced priapism with a response rate of 36% (Lowe and Jarow 1993). Terbutaline can also be given subcutaneously in doses of 0.25-0.5 mg and can be repeated in 15-20 min. Oral pseudoephedrine, an a-adrenoreceptor agonist, in a dose of 60-120 mg has been used to treat priapism due to intracavernosal injected agents, but efficacy is not well studied. 

Vasko MR. Prostaglandin-induced neuropeptide release from spinal cord. Prog Brain Res 1995 104 367-380. 

Ishikawa, T., Akimaru, K., Nakanishi, M., Tomokiyo, K., Furuta, K., Suzuki, M., Noy-ori, R. (1998). Anti-cancer-prostaglandin-induced cell-cycle arrest and its modulation by an inhibitor of the ATP-dependent glutathione S-conjugate export pump (GS-X pump). Biochemistry Journal, 336, 569-576. 

Many of the effects of eicosanoids are calcium dependent and their structure has stimulated speculation that they may act as calcium iono-phores (Horton 1969, Harris et al. 1979, Kirtland and Baum 1972). With reference to excitation-contraction coupling in smooth muscle, some workers have found that prostaglandin-induced smooth muscle contraction is dependent on extracellular calcium (Smith et al. 1981, Godfraind and Miller 1982) whereas others have suggested that such a contraction is mediated by a release of calcium from intracellular stores (McNamara et al. 

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