T-Globulin

Brambell FWR, Hemmings WA, Morris LG. A Theoretical model of T -globulin catabolism. Nature 1964 1352-5. 

Proteins, mainly and 2 globulins, which occur in elevated amounts in the blood in conditions in which there is active tissue damage (the acute phase reaction). Among these proteins are a,-antitrypsin, a acid glycoprotein and haptoglobin. T-globulin levels may also be increased, and other changes include falls in albumin and prealbumin levels. A very sensitive indicator of the acute phase reaction is C-reactive protein, the levels of which can be increased several hundred fold in the serum. 

Positive serum colloidal gold reactions are found when there are raised T-globulin levels with lowered albumin concentrations, e.g. hepatitis and hepatic cirrhosis. 

Nonspecific immunosuppressive therapy in an adult patient is usually through cyclosporin (35), started intravenously at the time of transplantation, and given orally once feeding is tolerated. Typically, methylprednisone is started also at the time of transplantation, then reduced to a maintenance dose. A athioprine (31) may also be used in conjunction with the prednisone to achieve adequate immunosuppression. Whereas the objective of immunosuppression is to protect the transplant, general or excessive immunosuppression may lead to undesirable compHcations, eg, opportunistic infections and potential malignancies. These adverse effects could be avoided if selective immunosuppression could be achieved. Suspected rejection episodes are treated with intravenous corticosteroids. Steroid-resistant rejection may be treated with monoclonal antibodies (78,79) such as Muromonab-CD3, specific for the T3-receptor on human T-ceUs. Alternatively, antithymocyte globulin (ATG) may be used against both B- and T-ceUs. 

Table 5.7 Theoretically predicted polypeptides from the trypsin digestion of S-lacto-globulin (/3LG) . Reprinted from J. Chromatogr., A, 763, Turula, V. E., Bishop, R. T., Ricker, R. D. and de Haseth, J. A., Complete structure elucidation of a globular protein by particle beam liquid chromatography-Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and electrospray liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry - Sequence and conformation of /3-lactoglobulin , 91-103, Copyright (1997), with permission from Elsevier Science...

Tsujimura Y, Obata K, Mukai K, Shindou H, Yoshida 37 M, Nishikado H, Kawano Y, Minegishi Y, Shimizu T, Karasuyama H Basophils play a pivotal role in immunoglobulin-G-mediated but not immuno-globulin-E-mediated systemic anaphylaxis. Immunity 2008 28 581-589. 

Ceruloplasmin (contains Cu + albumin probably more important in physiologic transport of Cu T Corticosteroid-binding globulin (trans-cortin) (binds cortisol)... 

IL-1 (17.5) Monocyte/macrophage, lymphocyte, neutrophil, endothelium, fibroblast keratinocyte Activation of T cells, B cells, natural killer cells, osteoblasts, and endothelium. Induces fever, sleep, anorexia, ACTH release, hepatic acute phase protein synthesis and HSPs. Leads to myocardial depression, hypercoagulability, hypotension/sbock, and death. Simulates production of TNF, IL-6, and IL-8 and stress hormone release. Suppression of cytochrome P-450, thyro-globulin, and lipoprotein synthesis. Procoagulant activity. Antiviral activity. 

FI 1. Fleshner, M Deak, T Spencer, R. L Laudenslager, M. L., Watkins, L. R., and Maier, S. F A long term increase in basal levels of corticosterone and a decrease in corticosterone-binding globulin after acute stressor exposure. Endocrinology 136,5336-5342 (1995). 

Maclnnes, J. I., Nozik, E. S. and Kurtz, D. T. (1986) Tissue-specific expression of the rat alpha 2u globulin gene family. Mol. Cell. Biol. 6, 3563-7. 

Saito, K., Nishikawa, J., Imagawa, M., Nishihara, T. and Matsuo, M. (2000) Molecular evidence of complex tissue- and sex-specific mRNA expression of the rat alpha(2u)-globulin multigene family. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 272, 337 44. 

T. B. Osborne and S. H. Clapp. Hydrolysis of the Crystalline Globulin of the Squash Seed (Cucurbita maxima). Amer. J. Physiol., 1907, 19, 475-481. 

Anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) is a purified immunoglobulin from horse, rabbit, sheep, or goat serum after immunization with human thymocytes. The administration of anti-thymocyte globulin results in a depletion of T-cells as a result of complement dependent lysis and opsonization by the macrophage-monocyte system. The depletion of CD4 positive cells is long lasting and results in an inversion of the CD4/CD8 ratio. There are hardly... 

Antithymocyte globulin binds to circulating T lymphocytes in the blood, which are subsequently removed from the circulation by the reticuloendothelial system. This globulin also reduces the number of T lymphocytes in the thymus-dependent areas of the spleen and lymph nodes. 

The iodothyronines are very insoluble molecules and are kept in solution by transport proteins. The most important of these is thyroxine binding globulin (TBG), which carries about 65% T and 70% Tj. It is a small (MW 60,000-65,000) glycoprotein consisting of four subunits. It has a single, high-affmity binding site for T, with an estimated of 1.2 x 10 °M. 

ADA Adenosine deaminase ALG Antilymphocyte globulin APC Antigen-presenting cell ATG Antithymocyte globulin CD Cluster of differentiation CSF Colony-stimulating factor CTL Cytotoxic T lymphocyte DC Dendritic cell... 

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