Systems for hydrocarbon resins

Solubility Parameter. CompatibiHty between hydrocarbon resins and other components in an appHcation can be estimated by the Hildebrand solubiHty parameter (2). In order for materials to be mutually soluble, the free energy of mixing must be negative (3). The solubiHty of a hydrocarbon resin with other polymers or components in a system can be approximated by the similarities in the solubiHty parameters of the resin and the other materials. Tme solubiHty parameters are only available for simple compounds and solvents. However, parameters for more complex materials can be approximated by relative solubiHty comparisons with substances of known solubiHty parameter. 

Tetrahydronaphthalene [119-64-2] (Tetralin) is a water-white Hquid that is insoluble in water, slightly soluble in methyl alcohol, and completely soluble in other monohydric alcohols, ethyl ether, and most other organic solvents. It is a powerhil solvent for oils, resins, waxes, mbber, asphalt, and aromatic hydrocarbons, eg, naphthalene and anthracene. Its high flash point and low vapor pressure make it usehil in the manufacture of paints, lacquers, and varnishes for cleaning printing ink from rollers and type in the manufacture of shoe creams and floor waxes as a solvent in the textile industry and for the removal of naphthalene deposits in gas-distribution systems (25). The commercial product typically has a tetrahydronaphthalene content of >97 wt%, with some decahydronaphthalene and naphthalene as the principal impurities. 

Macroreticular resins, particularly the Amberlite XAD series, have been used extensively to isolate and concentrate trace organic compounds from drinking water (1-8). We have previously reported the use of an XAD cartridge for this purpose and have evaluated the system for the analysis of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) (4), polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (5), phosphate triesters (TAAPs) (6), or-... 

In many applications of low molecular weight hydrocarbon resins, including flooring, adhesives, rubber compounds, inks, and coatings, the best performance is often associated with plasticizers that are marginal solvents rather than perfect ones. The difference between the resin parameter and the plasticizer parameter indicates the place of the system in the Flory-Huggins phase diagram. The separation of phases is responsible for the improved physical properties. While the difference of the parameters readily explains the behavior, the parameters for many industrial materials are not sufficiently well defined, and specific solubility tests must be used to control both resin and plasticizer. 

Picconol . [Hercules] Aliphatic hydrocarbon resin emulsions used in combination with other aq. thermoplasdc and/ or elastomoic systems to pr ce coatings, paints, and adhesives tackifiers for natural and syn. rubber systems waterproof finishes for paper, textiles, and textile backings. 

A simple method of explaining the dispersibility and compatibility of asphaltenes in a variety of systems involves a comparison of the solubility parameter, 5, for petroleum fractions and for the solvents. Sufficient data exists to draw an approximate correlation between H C atomic ratio and 5 for hydrocarbons and the constituents of the lower boiling fractions of petroleum (25) and a parallel, or near parallel, line can be assumed that allows the solubility parameter of the asphaltenes and resins to be estimated (Figure 14). 

Generally, saturation moisture concentrations for these resins are lower than those of the epoxide systems by a significant amount, because of the lower polarity of the ester groups and of the aromatic hydrocarbon network. The moisture content will be similar to that of the anhydride cured epoxy resins, which have an essentially polyester-like network. Typically the moisture concentration can reach 2.5%, depending on the chemical... 

Chem. Descrip. Aliphatic hydrocarbon resin emulsions Uses Resin emulsion used in combination with other aq. thermoplastic and/or elastomeric systems to produce coatings, paints, and adhesives extender, tackifier for NR, SR waterproof finishes for paper, textiles esp. suitable for use in high-styrene SBR, EVA resin, and polyacrylic-based latex paints, and in adhesives for bonding films, fibers, and granular materials food-pkg. and processing operations Properties Gardner 9 (50% in toluene) liq. dens. 0.97 kg/l vise. 3000 cps soften, pt. (R B) 63 C pH 8.5 anionic 50% aq. disp. 

Hazardous Decomp. Prods. CO, hydrocarbons heated to decomp., emits acrid smoke and fumes Storage Keep tightly closed in cool place Uses Reactive diluent for epoxy resins for solv.-free coating systems, laminating resins, fiber-reinforced composites stabilizer for chlorinated hydrocarbons thickener for paints and varnishes Manuf./Distrib. Aldrich Fluka Raschig... 

Propylene oxide is soluble in water and miscible with most organic solvents. It is found to be an excellent law-boiling solvent far cellulose acetate, nitrocellulose, adhesive compositions and vinyl chloride-acetate resins. It is also a solvent for hydrocarbons, gums and shellac. Same of its uses are as a solvent and stabilizer in DDT aerosol-type insecticides, and as a fumigant and food preservative. Since it is an acid acceptor, it is also used as a stabilizer for vinyl chloride resins and other chlorinated systems. 

Petroleum oil derived hydrocarbon resins are another important class of hydrocarbon resins worth mentioning. They are derived from unsaturated hydrocarbon monomers obtained from cracking of petroleum oil. Polymerization of these monomers results in a complex mixture of various low MW copolymers and homopolymers known as petroleum-based hydrocarbon resins. Based on monomer composition in the feedstock, various grades are available ranging from liquids to hard and brittle solids. Their performance characteristics are very similar to other hydrocarbon resins and they are useful modifiers for various conventional coating systems as well as low VOC, high-solid systems. 

Due to their ready availability and excellent catalytic properties, this type of catalyst has been extensively used in cycloolelin polymerization for several decades, resulting in important industrial applications such as manufacture of hydrocarbon resins [3, 17, 18], They are used mainly in homogeneous systems with adequate solvents but also heterogeneous catalysts are very active and promote cycloolefin polymerization to different reaction products, depending on the operation conditions. Generally, they are unicomponent, binary, ternary and multi-component catalytic systems and their final composition is strongly dependent on the nature and quality of the solvent, the reaction conditions and the monomer type and structure [1],... 

McCabe-Thiele diagrams for nonlinear and more practical systems with pertinent inequaUty constraints are illustrated in Figures 11 and 12. The convex isotherms are generally observed for 2eohtic adsorbents, particularly in hydrocarbon separation systems, whereas the concave isotherms are observed for ion-exchange resins used in sugar separations. 

Due to the fact that BF is a weaker Lewis acid than AlCl, stmcturaHy distinct resins are obtained upon the respective polymerization of a piperylenes-2-methyl-2-butene system with the two different Lewis acids. Much lower levels of branched olefin are required to achieve a softening point of <40° C with the BF catalyzed system (33,36). In fact, due to its weaker acidity, BF is not useful for producing high softening point resins based on C-5 hydrocarbon feeds. 

Printing Inks. Printing ink preparation is similar to many coating systems. The resin is dissolved in the solvent, followed by pigment dispersion to produce the ink. In most printing operations, the solvent must evaporate fast for best production speed. Alcohol—hydrocarbon solvent combinations are used with polyamide resins for some printing processes (see Inks). 

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