Systemic lupus erythematosus pathogenesis

Zhao S, Long H, Lu Q. Epigenetic perspectives in systemic lupus erythematosus pathogenesis, biomarkers, and therapeutic potentials. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2010 39(1) 3—9. 

R. Bucala, J. Fishman, and A. Cerami, Formation of covalent adducts between cortisol and 16a-hydroxyestrone and protein Possible role in the pathogenesis of cortisol toxicity and systemic lupus erythematosus, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79 3320 (1982). 

H14. Horwitz, D. A., and Jacob, C., The cytokine network in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus and possible therapeutic implications. Springer Semin. Immunopathol. 16, 181 — 200 (1994). 

Smeenk, R., K. Brinkman, H. van den Brink, R. M. Termaat, J. Berden, H. Nossent, and T. Swaak. 1990. Antibodies to DNA in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Their role in the diagnosis, the follow-up and the pathogenesis of the disease. Clinical rheumatology 9 100-110. 

TNpp is considered to be an important mediator in a number of T-lymphocyte-mediated autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes. Also, TNFs seem to play a pivotal role in certain autoimmune diseases, such as in the pathogenesis of RA, because transgenic mice constitutively overexpress TNF inflammatory arthritis but no systemic lupus erythematosus-like lesions. These findings in animals and humans suggest that the ambient level of TNF might have a hitherto underappreciated capacity to control the form in which autoimmunity is expressed as a specific syndrome or disease. ... 

Lauwerys BR, Houssiau EA. Involvement of cytokines in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Adv Exp Med Biol 2003 520 237-251. 

Prolactin. A versatile hormone that is involved in the regulation of proliferation and differentiation of a variety of cells in the immune system. May play a role in the pathogenesis and clinical expression of autoimmune diseases (e.g. systemic lupus erythematosus). 

Boumpas DT, Fessler BJ, Austin HA 3rd, Balow JE, Klippel JH, Lockshin MD (1995) Systemic lupus erythematosus emerging concepts. Part 2 Dermatologic and joint disease, the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, pregnancy and hormonal therapy, morbidity and mortality, and pathogenesis. Ann Intern Med, 123 42-53. 

The role of both T and B lymphocytes in a variety of disease states beyond transplantation has become increasingly important in the past decade. This is especially true of those diseases frequently referred to as autoimmune in their etiology, such as rheumatoid arthritis, nephrotic syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, inflammatory bowel disease, and so on. In addition, several other major diseases are also known to have a component of T- or B-cell-mediated pathogenesis, for example, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and asthma. Until very recently, the mainstay of therapy for these diseases was the corticosteroids, which were often less than satisfactory in efficacy and often associated with undesirable side effects, especially in growing children and the elderly. Thus, the search for new agents with different mechanisms of action and which did not have the same adverse event profile as conventional corticosteroids led to the subsequent evaluation of drugs such as tacrolimus and sirolimus to treat several of these diseases. 

IL-6 has been involved in the pathogenesis of in-flammatoy and/or autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus (Hirano et al. 1990). It could be impUcated in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis, as IL-6 (Needleman et al. 1992) or anti-IL-6 auto antibo-... 

It has also been realized that histone modification patterns and levels are an important aspect when studying diseased gene expression states. For instance, it has recently been shown that certain aberrant posttranslational histone modifications are associated with the pathogenesis of the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) [381]. In this study, MS combined with stable isotope labeling was used to differentially analyze histone modifications in splenocytes from a mouse model of SLE. Compared to the control, the disease model showed a global site-specific hypermethylation, except for H3K4, and hypoacetylation in histone H3 and H4. 

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