Cytokines network

Miossec P (2004) An update on the cytokine network in rheumatoid arthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 16 218-222... 

TNF activates inflammatory functions of various immune cells, not only as a direct effector but also as part of the cytokine network (synergism with IL-1, IFN-y, and LPS), as shown in Table 2 (K11). TNF interacts with the complement system and induces the additional release of eicosanoids. TNF has many effects on... 

Mclnnes, I. and Liew, F. (2005) Cytokine networks - towards new therapies for rheumatoid arthritis. Nature Clinical Practice Rheumatology 1(1), 31-39. 

Balkwill, F. 2000. The Cytokine Network. Oxford University Press. 

Martin, M. and Falk, W. 1997. The interleukin-1 receptor complex and interleukin-1 signal transduction. European Cytokine Network 8(1), 5-17. 

Shamash S., Reichert, F. and Rotshenker, S. The cytokine network of Wallerian degeneration tumor necrosis factor-alpha,... 

Hladik, F. et al., Biologic activity of low dosage IL-2 treatment in vivo. Molecular assessment of cytokine network interaction, J. Immunol., 153, 1449, 1994. 

Malorni, W., Straface, E., Di Genova, G., Fattorossi, A., Rivabene, R., Camponeschi, B., Masella, R., and Viora, M., 1997, Oxidized low-density hpoproteins affect natural killer cell activity by impairing cytoskeleton function and altering the cytokine network, Exp. Cell Res. 236 436-445. 

Bissonnette EY Importance of histamine in the cytokine network in the lung through H2 and H3 receptors stimulation of IL-10 production. J Immunol 2000 164 2964-2970. 

Cacabelos, R. (2002) The histamine-cytokine network in Alzheimer disease etiopathogenic and pharmacogenomic implications. In Mapping progress of Alzheimer s and Parkinson s diseases. Advances in behavioral biology, Vol. 51, Mizuno, Y., Fisher, A., Hanin, I. (eds.), Pergamon Press, New York, pp. 59-64. 

Another drug that has been found to have anticytokine activity is pentoxifylline. It was initially characterized as a haemorheologic agent for the treatment of peripheral vascular diseases [141]. In addition, it was also found to be capable of inhibiting the pro-inflammatory actions of IL-1 and TNEa on neutrophil function and cytokine production by monocytic cells [142]. Its mechanism of action is the inhibition of phosphodiesterases, leading to increased intracellular levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate [143]. Besides its effects on the cytokine network, pentoxifylline also exerted an anti-fibrogenic action in cultures of fibroblasts and in animal models of fibrosis [144] and could therefore be an attractive candidate for targeting hepatic inflammation. 

Wuyts A, Struyf S, Proost P, Van Damme J, In The Cytokine Network and Immune Function (Ed. Theze J), pp. 125-145. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1999. 

Balkwill, F. (2000). The Cytokine Network. Oxford University Press, Oxford. Fitzgerald, K. (2001). Cytokine Factsbook. Academic Press, London. 

Lachman, L. et al. (1996). Cytokine-containing liposomes as vaccine adjuvants. Eur. Cytokine Network 7(4), 693-698. 

Decalf, J., et al. (2007) Plasmacytoid dendritic cells initiate a complex chemokine and cytokine network and are a viable drug target in chronic HCV patients. J Exp Med. 204, 2423-37. 

H14. Horwitz, D. A., and Jacob, C., The cytokine network in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus and possible therapeutic implications. Springer Semin. Immunopathol. 16, 181 — 200 (1994). 

Nickoloff, B. J. The cytokine network in psoriasis. Arch. Dermatol. 127, 871-883,1991. Rietschel, R. L., and Spencer, T. S. Methods for Cutaneous Investigation, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1990. 

The effects of marijuana on immune function have been reviewed (122). The studies suggest that marijuana affects immune cell function of T and B lymphocytes, natural killer cells, and macrophages. In addition, cannabis appears to modulate host resistance, especially the secondary immune response to various infectious agents, both viral and bacterial. Lastly, marijuana may also affect the cytokine network, influencing the production and function of acute-phase and immune cytokines and modulating network cells, such as macrophages and T helper cells. Under some conditions, marijuana may be immunomodulatory and promote disease. 

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