Synthesis oxide nanomaterials

According to Ref. [12], template for synthesis of nanomaterials is defined as a central structure within which a network forms in such a way that removal of this template creates a filled cavity with morphological or stereochemical features related to those of the template. The template synthesis was applied for preparation of various nanostructures inside different three-dimensional nanoporous structures. Chemically, these materials are presented by polymers, metals, oxides, carbides and other substances. Synthetic methods include electrochemical deposition, electroless deposition, chemical polymerization, sol-gel deposition and chemical vapor deposition. These works were reviewed in Refs. [12,20]. An essential feature of this... 

Hydrothermal synthesis is a powerful method used for the fabrication of nanophase materials due to the relatively low temperature during synthesis, facile separation of nanopartides in the product, and ready availability of apparatus for such syntheses. Versatile physical and chemical properties of nanomaterials can be obtained with the use of this method that involves various techniques (e.g., control of reaction time, temperature and choice of oxidant and its concentration). Several extensive reviews are available that discuss the fundamental properties and applications of this method [2, 3]. These reviews cover the synthesis of nanomaterials with different pore textures, different types of composition [2, 4—6], and different dimensionalities in terms of morphology [6-8]. 

Rodriguez J.A. and Fernandez-Garcia,M. (2007) Synthesis, Properties, and Applications of Oxide Nanomaterials, John Wiley Sons, Inc., Hoboken, NJ. 

As mentioned earlier, biological systems have developed optimized strategies to design materials with elaborate nanostructures [6]. A straightforward approach to obtaining nanoparticles with controlled size and organization should therefore rely on so-called biomimetic syntheses where one aims to reproduce in vitro the natural processes of biomineralization. In this context, a first possibility is to extract and analyze the biological (macro)-molecules that are involved in these processes and to use them as templates for the formation of the same materials. Such an approach has been widely developed for calcium carbonate biomimetic synthesis [13]. In the case of oxide nanomaterials, the most studied system so far is the silica shell formed by diatoms [14]. 

Solvothermal method has been used in synthesis of a series of non-oxide nanomaterials, such as semiconductors [1,2], ceramic materials [3], and in fabricating special nanostructures [4]. It will be an exciting, promising field for designing and preparing advanced materials in the future. This paper focuses on some aspects of recent progress in solvothermal synthesis of non-oxides nanomaterials. 

We have developed the solvothermal synthesis as a convenient approach for controlling morphology, by which non-oxides nanomaterials, such as nanoparticles, one-dimensional nanomaterials and those with very special shapes have been fabricated, which include nano-metered tubes, rods, wires, balls, hollow spheres and peanut-like nanostructures, etc. 

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERISATION OF ZINC OXIDE NANOMATERIALS FOR BIODETECTION PLATFORMS... 

In this chapter, we briefly review our recent progress in the solvothermal preparation of non-oxide nanomaterials, y-ray irradiation and room temperature synthesis of chalcogenide nanocrystallites are also briefly described but first we present some progress in hydrothermal synthesis. 

J.A. Rodriguez, Femandez-Garcia,in,M. Synthesis, properties and applications of oxide nanomaterials, Wiley-Interscience, 2007. 

The synthesis of ultrapure monodispersible metal oxide nanomaterials with well-defined functional properties and their future applications is still a challenging task to the material synthetic chemists and engineers. Particle size influences the structural properties, lattice symmetry, and other particle parameters, due to their interaction with the surrounding environment with a high surface energy. Metal oxide can be dispersed in organic solvents (organosols) or water (hydrosols). 

WiUis AL, Chen Z, He J, Zhu Yl, Turro NJ, O Brien S. Metal acetylacetonates as general precursors for the synthesis of early transition metal oxide nanomaterials. J Nanomater 2007 14858-62. 

Athar T. Metal alkoxides as molecular precursor for the synthesis of metal oxide nanomaterials. Int J Nano Biomater 2009 2 173-83. 

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