Synthesis of thin films

The synthesis of thin films of organic conducting polymers on a nanometer scale is one of the challenges of nanotechnology. Electrochemical poly-... 

Electrocatalytic activity of supported metal particles has been investigated on surfaces prepared in an ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) molecular beam epitaxy system (DCA Instruments) modified to allow high throughput (parallel) synthesis of thin-film materials [Guerin and Hayden, 2006]. The system is shown in Fig. 16.1, and consisted of two physical vapor deposition (PVD) chambers, a sputtering chamber, and a surface characterization chamber (CC), all interconnected by a transfer chamber (TC). The entire system was maintained at UHV, with a base pressure of 10 °mbar. Sample access was achieved through a load lock, and samples could be transferred... 

VDP also provides a route for the synthesis of thin films without the use of toxic solvents, an opportunity not to be overlooked in this era of increased environmental watchfulness. There remains, however, the challenge of preparing potential source materials useful in this methodology. The amazingly productive field of Organic Chemistry will most certainly be able to meet this challenge. 

The hydroxides are decomposed below 600°C to finally yield the pure YBa2Cus07 x phase around 800°C, but reactivity is increased compared to organic precursors. This is demonstrated in Figure 11. The phase forms in a short time (20 min). It should therefore be very interesting to obtain homogeneous gels (53). They would allow the synthesis of thin films without excessive reaction with the substrate. 

Synthesis of thin films ofCr, Mo and W carbides and nitrides 274... 

These results illustrate the diversity of synthetic and processing approaches that can be taken in the synthesis of thin-film frequency doubling materials. Specifically, we have demonstrated that it is possible to assemble chromophore-functionalized polymers with greater than one chromophore substitutent per monomer subunit, with d33 values as high as 65 x 10 esu, with Tg values as high as 173°C, with improved temporal stability, and with good transparency characteristics at A 0.633 fim. We have also shown that known chromophore-functionalized polymers can be simultaneously poled and cross-linked... 

See, e.g.. Fix, R. M. Gordon, R. G. and Hoffman, D. M., Synthesis of thin films by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition using amido and imido titanium(IV) compounds as precursors. Chem. Mater. 2 (1990) 235-241. 

SYNTHESIS OF THIN FILM TITANIA PHOTONIC CRYSTALS THROUGH AN INFILTRATING SOL-GEL PROCESS... 

Interfacial polymerization has become a very important and useful technique for the synthesis of thin-film composite RO and NF membranes [5, 13]. Polymerization occurs at the interface between two immiscible solvents that contain the reactants (Fig. 3.6-8). For instance, a UF membrane is immersed in an aqueous diamine solution. The excess of water is removed, and the saturated support is put in contact with an organic phase that contains an acyl chloride. As a consequence, the two monomers react to form a thin layer (1 to 0.1 pm) of PA on top of the U F membrane. 

E. D Anna et al. Synthesis of thin films of semiconductor and refractory metal nitrides by laser irradiation of solid samples in ambient gas. Thin Solid Films 1992, 218, 224-225. 

Downard et al. [123] reported the synthesis of thin films based on the oxidative electropolymerization of substituted pyrroles. The films contained redox couples involving pyrrole derivatives of either the chromophore [Ru(2,2 -bipyridine>3], the electron transfer acceptor paraquat, or the electron transfer donor phenothiazine. 

The synthesis of thin films involves grinding of oxide powders in a mortar, ultrasonically dispersing the powders in isopropanol to make slurry, and spinning the colloidal dispersion onto the pre-sintered porous substrate. After each coating step, the sample is dried in ambient air at... 

Neagu, R., Perednis, D., Princivalle, A. Djurado, E. (2006). Influence of the process jjarameters on the ESD synthesis of thin film YSZ electrolytes. Solid State Ionics. Vol. 177, pp. 1981. 

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