Synthesis of Nitric Oxide

This step is a mixed-function oxidation reaction similar to the one catalyzed by cytochrome P-450 reductase and there is considerable homology between NOS and cytochrome P-450 reductase. In the second step, further oxidation of N -hydroxyl arginine yields NO and citrulline  

The inducible class of NOS (iNOS) is found in macrophages and neutrophils and is Ca +-independent. Bacterial endotoxins, cytokines (e.g., interleukin-1, 

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Hibbs, J.B. (1991). Synthesis of nitric oxide from L-atginine a recently discovered pathway induced by cytokines with antitumour and anti-microbial activity. Res. Immunol. 142, 565-569. 

N. K., Palmer, R. M., Whittle, B. J., Moncada, S., Synthesis of nitric oxide from L-arginine by neutrophils. Release and interaction with superoxide anion, Biochem. J. 261 (1989), p. 293-296... 

Wiesinger, H., Arginine metabolism and the synthesis of nitric oxide in the nervous system, Prog. Neurobiol. 64 (2001), p. 365-391... 

There is evidence that camosine is a vasodilator (Ririe et al., 2000) and thus can lower blood pressure (Niijima et al., 2002 Tanida et al., 2005). It has been shown that camosine promotes synthesis of nitric oxide (Nicoletti et al., 2007 Tomonaga et al., 2005), a well-known dilator of blood vessel walls. Also camosine can inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity (Hou et al., 2003 Nakagawa et al., 2006) possibly via effects on cGMP and nitric oxide, which again points to the possibility that the dipeptide or camosine-enriched foods could be explored to combat raised blood pressure in humans. 

The interactions of nitric oxide with oxygen help explain the shott half-life of nittic oxide as a messenger and implicate nitric oxide as a major participant in free radical injury. Oxygen is required for the synthesis of nitric oxide and therefore must be present in tissue in substantially higher concentrations than... 

The role of nitric oxide in maintaining laminar blood flow. A sudden vasoconstriction in one branch of a vascular bed will cause an immediate increase in the upstream pressure that could cause turbulent flow. The myogenic constriction of the upstream branches responding to the turbulent flow will be counterbalanced by increased synthesis of nitric oxide, shown as a radial gradiant, due to shear stress on endothelium. 

The synthesis of nitric oxide by neurons is carefully regulated to occur only under special circumstances, and is initiated by extracellular calcium entry controlled by a particular glutamate receptor (the N-methyl-D-aspartate or NMDA receptor) (Garthwaite et al., 1988 Garthwaite, 1991) that has been strongly... 

Hibbs, J. B., Jr., Taintor, R. R., Vavrin, Z., Granger, D. L., Drapier, J.-C., Amber, I. J., and Lancaster, J. R., Jr. (1990). Synthesis of nitric oxide from a terminal guanidino nitrogen atom of L-arginine A molecular mechanism regulating cellular proliferation... 

Arginine Is the Precursor for Biological Synthesis of Nitric Oxide... 

Functions of nitric oxide NADPH is required for the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO), an important molecule that causes vasodilation by relaxing vascular smooth muscle, acts as a kind of neurotransmitter, prevents platelet aggregation, and helps mediate macrophage bactericidal activity. 

Shin JH, Metzger SK, Schoenfisch MH. Synthesis of nitric oxide-releasing silica nanoparticles. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2007, 129, 4612 1619. 

Estrogens have also been found to have direct effects on blood vessels, including increased synthesis of nitric oxide and increased vasodilation (Farhat et al., 1996 McCrohon et al., 1996). The observed decrease in the risk of cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis by estrogens (Pines et al, 1997 Punnonen et al., 1995 Stampfer and Colditz, 1991) is thought to be due to the combined effects of estrogens on serum lipids and vascular reactivity. 

Fulop, V., Moir, J. W. B., Ferguson, S. J., and Hajdu, J., 1995, The anatomy of a bifunctional enzyme structural basis for reduction of oxygen to water and synthesis of nitric oxide by cytochrome ci/i. Ce//81 369n377. 

In former technical processes for the synthesis of nitric oxide, the reaction gases had to be rapidly cooled below 725 K. Slow cooling would give the equilibrium concentration of nitric oxide at the appropriate temperature. At temperatures lower than 725 K, nitric oxide is metastable and does not decompose to dinitrogen and dioxygen. Careful control of the... 

In fact, a medley of substances (autacoids), kinins, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, histamine, endorphins, serotonin, vasopressin, has been implicated. In endotoxic shock, the toxin also induces synthesis of nitric oxide, the endogenous vasodilator, in several types of cells other than the endothelial cells which are normally its main source. 

McKnight, G., Smith, LM, Drummond, RS, Duncan, CW, Golden, M, and Benjamin, N (1997). Chemical synthesis of nitric oxide in the stomach from dietary nitrate in humans. Gut 40(2) 211-214. 

Murphy S, Simmons ML, Agullo L, Garcia A, Feinstein DL (1993) Synthesis of nitric oxide in CNS glial cells. TINS, 16. 323-328. 

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