Synergy factor

We will define the synergy factor (SF) as the rate of reaction (R) in the presence the catalyst with components X1/X2/X3... divided by sum of the rates of reaction of the individual components X1,X2,X3... (or sums of these components). For Co/Mn/Br and Co/Ce/Br catalysts, respectively, we have ... 

The advantages or beneficial effects introduced by the carbon phase are often described in terms of a synergy factor (R) defined by Matos et al. [14]. This factor has been used by many authors, as the ratio between the apparent first-order rate constants measured for the composite catalyst containing both phases and just for bare Ti02 ... 

Figure 13.1 Synergy factor in photocatalytic experiments using composite Ti02 + AC catalysts for the degradation of an azo dye. (For the meaning of the carbon phase, AC 1-4, see the text.) (From ref. 28.)...

Carbon phases can be used to support Ti02 efficiently for application in heterogeneous photocatalytic processes. Besides facilitating the recovery and reuse of the photocatalysts, there is a significant increase in the photocatalytic activity, which can be measured in terms of a synergy factor. Particularly in the case of CNTs, this effect results from strong interphase interaction and can be rationalized in terms of the support acting as photosensitizer, adsorbent, and to a certain... 

Preparation BET Surface Surface Adsorptivity Rate Constant Synergy Factor F... 

FIGURE 3.9 Dependences of synergy factor F in rate constant ratio forphotodecompo-sition of 4-chlorophenol on pH of the surface of carbons activated under different conditions. (Courtesy of Prof. J. Matos of Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas, Venezuela.)... 

TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA STIMULATES THE GROWTH OF THE CLONOGENIC CELLS OF ACUTE MYELOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA IN SYNERGY WITH GRANULOCYTE / MACROPHAGE COLONY -STIMULATING FACTOR... 

Although the trajectory and convective diffusion techniques are conceptually simple, certain mechanisms, in particular, the exact role of the intermolecular force between the particle and the electrode remains an element of debate. Most of these problems arise because continuum models about short-range interactions break down at very short distances, where other factors, much less defined come into play. A complete understanding of the coelectrodeposition process requires a synergy between theoretical models and thorough experimental work. 

Duarte, R. and Frank, D. 2002. The synergy between stem cell factor (SCF) and granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) molecular basis and clinical relevance. Leukaemia and Lymphoma 43(6), 1179-1187. 

Bluthe, R.M. et al., Synergy between tumor necrosis factor a and interleukin-1 in the induction of sickness behavior in mice, Psychoneuroendocrinology, 19, 197, 1994. 

McCrea AR, Trueman IC, Fullen MA (2004) Factors relating to soil fertility and species diversity in both semi-natural and created meadows in the West Midlands of England. Eur J Soil Sci 55 335-348. doi http //www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ j.l365-2389.2004.00606.x... 

The property measurement methods are standardized and only allow comparisons the test specimens are produced under the best possible conditions, the deleterious factors are isolated to avoid any synergy, the duration of tests is inevitably limited, etc. In real life, this... 

Chan S-H, Perussia J, Gupta W, Kobayashi M, Pospisil M, Young HA, Wolf SF, Young D, Clark SC, Trichieri G Induction of IFN- y production by NK cell stimulatory factor characterization of the responder cells and synergy with other inducers. J Exp Med 1991 173 869-879. 

Interactions between plants and microorganisms in remediation must be studied further and with greater attention, because in many contaminated sites they both can be beneficial if applied simultaneously, and synergy may enhance the individual site cleanup and reduce costs.. This holistic approach considers interactions in the environment, not only between organisms, but also between contaminants, and between biotic and abiotic factors. 

DNA methylation may directly decrease the binding affinity of certain transcription factors to DNA [38]. Additionally, methylated CpG sites recruit MBD proteins, which in turn leads to transcriptional repression [39]. siRNA-mediated knockdown of MBD proteins leads to a re-expression of silenced tumor suppressor protein candidates [40]. DNA methylation and histone modification are dependent on each other [41, 42] and from this interplay a synergy in derepression (e.g. between histone deacetylase and DNMT inhibitors) can be observed [43—45] (see also below). 

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