Synchronization control circuit

Synchronization control circuit for each vertex v eV. The synchronization control circuit coordinates the activation of an operation with respect to offsets in its start time. 

A, B, AND C ARE CONTROL CIRCUIT SENSING PATHS TO SYNCHRONIZE SYSTEM TO NORMAL OR BYPASS POWER (IF PRESENT) WHILE OPERATING ON BATTERY POWER... 

The type of load-transfer switch used in the UPS system is a critical design parameter. The continuity of AC power service to the load is determined by the type of switching circuit used. An electromechanical transfer switch, shown in Fig. 10.195, is limited to switch times of 20-50 ms. This time delay may cause sensitive load equipment to malfunction, and perhaps shut down. A control circuit actuates the relay when the sensed output voltage falls below a preset value, such as 94% of nominal. A static transfer switch, shown in Fig. 10.196, can sense a failure and switch the load in about 4 ms. Most loads will ride through this short delay without any malfunction. To accomplish a smooth transition, the inverter output must be synchronized with the power line. 

G. Borriello. Synthesis of Asynchronous/Synchronous Control Logic. Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS 89), May 1989. 

The relative scheduling formulation provides a theoretical basis for analyzing redundancy in the synchronization of a given operation. Using synchronization redundancy can reduce the size of the corresponding control circuit, and algorithms are presented to remove all redundancies in a schedule. 

Relative control optimization by resynchronization. The control circuit resulting om control synthesis can be optimized further to reduce its size, with the requirement that the optimized hardware is still a valid implementation of its behavioral model. Most approaches to control optimization use a finite state machine model, where operations are bound to control slates. Howevo, when synthesizing circuits from a higher, more abstract level of hardware specification that supports concurrency, synchronization, and timing constraints, these approaches may be overly restrictive. 

The main algorithmic contributions of this research are described in the next four chapters. Ch ter 6 presents the relative scheduling formulation that includes description of the algorithms and analysis of their prqterties. Chapto 7 describes conflict resolution under timing constraints. Chapter 8 describes the generation of the control circuit from a relative schedule. Chapter 9 describes the control resynchronization optimization that reduces the area of the control implementation under timing and synchronization constraints. 

Precise control implementation. As background for defining a precise control implementation, we describe first our model of the control implementation for the sequencing graph model. We assume a synchronous implementation of control that can be modeled on the whole as a synchronous finite-state machine (FSM) where transitions occur by the ass on of a clock signal at every cycle. The model of synchronous control as a FSM serves as an abstraction to reason about its properties in particular, it does not imply its physical realization in hardware, i.e. the control circuit may be physically implemented either as a single FSM or as a network of FSMs. 

Given a relative schedule, the control implementation approach of Chapter 8 generates a control circuit to activate operations according to the schedule. The control circuit can be modeled as consisting of two components an offset control for each anchor A and a synchronization control for each vertex d G 1, as described below ... 

Synchronous-motor rotor frequency can be detected because the rotor field circuit is available. Special control schemes have been devised which take into account both speed and induced rotor current in providing locked-rotor and accelerating protection. 

Some power supply control ICs have synchronization inputs for this purpose. For those ICs which have an oscillator, but not a synchronization pin, the circuit in Figure 3-55 can be used. The frequency on the IC must be set lower than the synchronization signal. The sync signal causes the oscillator to prematurely time-out. 

Power Supply Cookbook, Second Edition has been updated with the latest advances in the field of efficient power conversion. Efficiencies of between 80 to 95 percent are now possible using these new techniques. The major losses within the switching power supply and the modern techniques to reduce them are discussed at length. These include synchronous rectification, lossless snubbers, and active clamps. The information on methods of control, noise control, and optimum printed circuit board layout has also been updated. 

AC methods include standard squirrel-cage induction motors, wound rotor induction motors, synchronous motors and commutator motors. Speed variation is obtained by the control of applied voltage to the stator or the control of current and voltage in the rotor by external circuit connections. 

Built upon the services of the unreliable IP, the transport layer protocol, TCP, provides reliable communication for the applications. Reliability is guaranteed by positive acknowledgement and automatic retransmission. T(3P performs process-to-process communication. It also checks the integrity of the content. TCP is connection oriented, although the TCP connections are virtual, which means that there is no real circuit setup, only a virtual one. A TCP connection is a reliable, stream-oriented, fuU-duplex, bidirectional communication channel with built-in flow control and synchronization mechanisms. 

The interlock mechanism of EP/3 uses both asynchronous and synchronous signals to control the components. This demonstrates that ITL is suitable for describing both synchronous circuits and asynchronous circuits. In (Cau and Zedan 1997) explicit constructs for both synchronous and asynchronous communication have been defined. 

The output of Amical is a structure composed of two subsystems a datapath and a controller. This RTL specification is generated in two steps. The first produces an abstract architecture coded in an intermediate form called SOLAR [7]. In order to reach silicon, this abstract architecture needs to be refined in order to include a synchronization scheme (clocks, resets) and other characteristics such as testing. This refinement produces a detailed architecture specification. During the last step, glue cells may be inserted. For example, a synchronization block may be included anywhere in the circuit hierarchy, if such a personalized scheme is needed. This may be useful in the case of a... 

In the sequel, some general issues concerning AC-machines modeling, mainly change of variables through coordinate transformation (reference-frame theory, see [8]) are discussed. This is followed by the presentation of machine schematics in machine variables and equivalent circuits in transformed variables of both the synchronous and the induction machines, under detailed modeling assumptions. This is accompanied by the corresponding BG models of both machines in transformed variables. Finally, simplified models of the induction motor usually encountered in control system applications are addressed. 

The RPS provides the control for the RPS breakers in the EM pump/synchronous machine power circuit. As part of a normal scram sequence, the RPS will release these breakers to initiate an EM pump coast down of the primary flow. 

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