Symbols solid

Figure 9.21. (a) Dependence of selectivity on C2H2 conversion for various catalyst potentials. The behaviour is compared with this of BASF catalysts (b) Dependence of C2H2 conversion (closed symbols, solid lines) and selectivity (open symbols, dashed lines) on flowrate and GHSV for various catalyst potentials. 3-pellet configuration.30 Reprinted with permission from the Institute for Ionics. 

Symbol Solid material volume Open pore volume Closed pore volume Interparticle void volume... 

Fig. 11.2. Aqueous molar solubility log(S q) calculated with COSMO-RS diamonds = training set (filled symbols = solids open symbols = liquids) triangles = test data set.

Figure 8. Phenanthrene sorption isotherms on kaolinite loaded with the same amount (1.95 pmol/g) of sorbed SDS under different pH conditions. The ionic strength was 0.1 M NaCI, and the kaolinite concentration was 100 g/L. Error bars are smaller than the symbols. Solid lines are the best fits from linear regression and represent the KD values. Adapted from Ko et...

Fig. 25 Dimensionless initiation to propagation rate ratio ib2/2v against supercooling AT =T -TC for crystals of four n-alkanes grown from n-octacosane solution (initial concentration 4.8 0.2 wt%) and for C162H326 from phenyldecane (1.0 wt%). C162H326 crystals from phenyldecane (Ph) did not show 100 faces at low AT. Symbols solid = E, open = F2, half-solid = F3. Based on data from [39]...

Figure 7.17. Effects of pH on binding of phosphofructokinase (PFK) to myofibrils (open symbols dashed line) and interacting effects of pH and temperature on the self-assembly of PFK, as indexed by residual PFK activity (filled symbols solid lines). Binding of PFK to myofibrils was measured using PFK-con-taining supernatants and myofibrillar preparations from white locomotory muscle of the teleost Paralabrax nebulifer (Roberts et al., 1998). PFK self-assembly was studied using purified enzyme from a mammal (Spermophilus beecheyi) (Hand and Somero, 1983). The percent residual PFK activity after incubation for 60 min under different combinations of pH and temperature provides an estimate of the fraction of PFK that remains as catalytically active tetramers or aggregates of tetramers. (Figure from Somero, 1997.)...

Fig. 8. Variation in surface composition (mole fraction Ci2E3) with solution concentration (o) 50/50, (A) 30/70, (open symbols) air-solution interface, and (closed symbols) solid-solution interface.

Figure 2 Fluorescence intensity quenching [(/q//)- 1] of AF probes in SC as a function of iodide (KI) concentration. Data represents the average S.D. and are obtained from three different pieces of skin. Symbols solid triangles (2-AF) open triangles (6-AF) solid circles (9-AF) open circles (12-AF) solid squares (16-AF).

Fig. 12. Fermentation of glucose and xylose present in the crude hydrolysate of corn fiber by genetically engineered Saccharomyces yeast strain 1400(pLNH32). The corn fiber hydrolysate was provided by Cargill, Inc. The major sugars present in the hydrolysate are glucose, Xylose, and-arabinose. Symbols solid square glucose solid circle xylose solid triangle ethanol open circle arabinose open triangle xylitol and arabitol open square glycerol...

Fig. 15 Normalized diffusion coefficients D(q 0)/Do as functions of the volume fraction for PMMA-grafted silica particles DP 150 open square) and DP 760 (open circle) in CCL4 (good solvent for PMMA) at 2(FC [208]. The different crossover concentrations in the dynamics are indicated by solid and vertical arrows. The inset shows in magnification the area bounded by the rectangle around a normalized diffusion coefficient value of 1 in the main plot, using the same colors and symbols (solid ) for the two systems. Lines are drawn to guide the eye...

Fig. 23 column Reduced flow curves (filled squares) for different volume fractions. The solid lines are the results of the schematic model, the dashed line represent the pseudo power law behaviour from [33]. Right column Reduced frequency dependent moduli for different volume fractions. Full symbols/solid lines represent G, hollow symbols/dashed lines represent G". Thick lines ate the results of the schematic model, the thin lines the results of the microscopic MCT. Graphs in one row represent the continuous and dynamic measurements at one volume fraction, (a) and (b) at <]>eff = 0.530, (c) and (d) at (/>eff = 0.595, (e) and (f) at = 0.616, (g) and (h) at < eff = 0.625. and (i) and (j) at = 0.627... 

Fig. 4. Light-induced absorbance changes (A) open symbols/solid line for Complex I" solid symbols/dashed line for the PP (ghotosystem-gigment) complex normalized to equal absorbance at 810 nm. (B) both traces for the RCPP (reaction center gigment grotein) complex, but on different AA scales. See text for discussion. Figures from Swarthoff and Amesz (1979) Photo-chemically active pigment-protein complexes from the green photosynthetic bacterium Prosthecochloris aestuarii. Biochim Biophys Acta. 548 p. 430, 431.

Black symbols solids Blue symbols liquids Red symbols gases... 

Pacific Rise (solid squares) and Juan de Fuca (solid circles) hydrothermal vent solution samples (10.11). Pathways from analog stockwork alteration computational models (after Janecky and Shanks ( )) are shown as lines starting from small solid circle symbols. Solid lines represent reaction paths with an initial H2S concentration in hydrothermal solution of 6.5 mM. Dashed lines represent reaction pathways calculated using hydrothermal solution composition of 8.5 mM H2S. Hydrothermal solution reaction pathways illustrated are (1) anhydrite+fayalite reactants with suppression of magnetite and all silica polymorphs and (2) anhydrite+fayalite reactants with magnetite precipitation allowed and suppression of all silica polymorphs. Restriction of the solution H2S and data to within... 

The helix-coil transition of paramyosin as a function of G-HC1 concentration occurs in three distinct steps as measured by [ra ]232 or b0 or aQ (for either wavelength region) (46)- Figure 4 shows these transitions of [ra ]232 (open symbols, solid curve) as a function of G-HC1 concentration and also shows that the Drude parameter Ac (for the 240- to 315-m/z range) (closed symbols, dashed curve) is not as sensitive to these changes. No distinct transition in Ac coincides with the first transition in [ra ]232, and only a small transition in Ac is evident in the second step. The sharper transition in Xc coincides with the third and final transition indicated by [ra ]232 and occurs as the molecule becomes less than 30% helical and the rigorous statistical definition of the best X0 57) ceases to hold. 

Fig. 22. (a) Conversion of NO and (b) selectivity to N2 vs. reaction temperature. Symbols solid circles, SrNi04 open circles, La2Ni04 solid triangles, La01Sr09NiO3 open triangles, LaNi03. With permission from Zhao et al. (1996). 

Figure 7 shows the results of solubilization experiments in a static system. Each line indicates the resonance frequency change over time under different conditions. There are two types of lines - solid lines and lines with symbols. Solid lines are the results attained in the liquid state of CO2 (10 MPa, 20 C), while lines with symbols are in the supercritical state (10 MPa, 45 C). Since the resonance frequency of a quartz crystal is directly affected by the properties of the ambient fluid, reference measurements using a bare quartz crystal resonator were performed before the experiment. Noisy signals were observed when CO2 was purged into the system. The results of the reference measurements indicate that about 70-80 seconds are required until the stabilization of the system. The data recorded during this stabilization period in ignored. 

Figure 2. pH dependence of the fluorescence of i in its neutral (HjL) and protonated forms (H3L H4L2+) in a 4 1 MeCN/Hp solution (open symbols). Solid lines indicate the distribution curves for the three species present at the equilibrium. 

Fig. 2 Plot of the preferential solvation coefficient. A, as a function of the volume fraction of polymer(2), 02- at three hydro-dynamic volumes, Vh = 10 (OA) lO ( ). and 10 (AA) ml/mol for the system Diox/PBD/PS eluted in (a) x-Styragel (empty symbols) and (b) TSK Gel Hhr (solid symbols). Solid line has been calculated with equations and 03 values given in Ref. 28.

Fig. 7.70 Maximum tensile stress S in ceramic layer versus effective time to radial fracture tR for as-polished Y-TZP and alumina plates bonded to polycarbonate substrates. Data represent individual tests at constant monotonic stressing rates (unfilled symbols) and in cyclic loading at 10 Hz (filled symbols). Solid lines are data fits in accordance with slow crack growth relations. Arrows indicate runouts [35]. With kind permission of Elsevier...

Fig. 3 ScD bond order vs. carbon segment number. The upwards and downwards pointing triangles show the results for the original Karaborni and Toxvaerd model at T = 338 K and 368 K, respectively. The squares are used for the data obtained with the improved model at T = 338 K. Filled symbols (solid lines) and open symbols (dashed lines) are used for liquid and vapor phases, respectively...

Atomic Number Element Symbol Solid Density (Mg/m3)... 

AtDinic Number Element Symbol Solid Density (Mg/m3) Atomic Number Element Symbol Solid Density (Mg/m3)... 

Fig. 76. Left-hand side enthalpies of formation of R (Cu, Ag, Au) equiatomic compounds (R = Sc, Y, La). Right-hand side enthalpies of mixing in liquid alloys (Sc, Y, La)-(Cu, Ag, Au) for equiatomic composition. Symbols solid circle, solid diamond, solid square, correspond to Cu, Ag and Au based alloys, respectively.

Figure 9. Fit of predicted isotherms (lines) to the experimental isotherms (symbols). Solid lines indicate prediction from the overall PSD obtained at the corresponding temperature dotted Unes at 275 and 296K indicate prediction using the overall PSD obtained at 258K. (Pmk is around 1 bar.)...

Fio. 8. Effect of reserpine upon the level of diphosphopyridine nucleotide in mouse liver. The experiment was conducted as described in the text. Open triangles, data obtained from untreated control animals and from animals that had received only reserpine solid squares, data for animals that had received nicotinamide and nicotinamide-and-vehicle (7). Data from mice that had received injections of reserpine 4 hr prior to the injection of nicotinamide are indicated by the following symbols solid triangle (10 mg/kg), solid circle (4 mg/kg), open circle (1.6 mg/kg). Each experimental point represents the average value obtained from three animals. From Burton et al. (tl8). 

Fig. 1. Dependence of d/(0/dS on the average number of 4f-electrons for the lanthanide metals and their alloys (Fujiwara et al. 1977). Symbols solid circle, elements open diamond, Gd-Dy sohd triangle, Gd-Ho open inverted triangle, Gd-Er open triangle, Tb-Dy star, Dy-Ho solid square, Dy-Er open square, Ho-Er.

Fig. 48. Synthesis of mulleri rRNA during early development in Xenopus hybrids. Nuclei were isolated from embryos at various stages and analyzed for their ability to synthesize rRNA as described in the text. Embryos from the same mating have the same symbol. Open symbols, dotted line, embryos from the cross /// x mjm. Closed symbols, solid line, embryos from the cross /// x mjm. (After Honjo and Reeder, 1973)...

Figure 5.5 Results of mass sensitivity trials in hot (squares) and cold (triangles) weather for British troops stationed in India (open symbols broken lines) and Indian troops (closed symbols solid lines). Points are proportional responses of a trace reaction or greater. The results clearly show skin to be more sensitive in hot than cold weather and British troops to be more sensitive than Indian troops. Numbers in the trials for British and Indian troops respectively are 290 and 300 for hot weather conditions and 282 and 299 for cold conditions.

FIGURE 5.8 Instantaneous rates of taxonomic turnover, (a) Rate of net biodiversity change calculated from Equation (5.1), (b) speciation rate calculated from Equation (5.2), (c) extinction rate calcnlated from Equation (3). Taxon symbols solid line, Schizophoria (Schizophoria), short dash, Floweria long-short dash, Leptodesma (Leiopteria). 

FIGURE 16.4 Determination of the Hj oxidation heterogeneous rate constant ( 5) from SECM approach curves, (a) SECM approach curves, (b) Magnification of (a). The solid lines a and b are theoretical approach curves at conducting and insulating substrates, respectively. Experimental approach curves are represented by circle symbols solid lines are theoretical curves at a Pt substrate with its potential held at, from top to bottom 0, 0.4, 0.45, 0.5, 0.55, 0.6, and 1V. (e) Heterogeneous reaction rate constant k of Hj oxidation at a Pt substrate with different potentials, k was obtained by fitting the experimental approach curves with the theoretical ones shown in (b). (d) Tafel plot of H2 oxidation. Approach speed 3 pm/s. 

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