Circle symbol

Fig. 5.3. Schematic view offerees encountered when the tip touches the sample surface. Bright circles symbolize tip atoms, dark circles symbolize sample atoms.

NOAEL In this example, 18r NOAEL is the critical end point for which an intermediate inhalation exposure MRL is based. As you can see from the LSE figure key, the open-circle symbol indicates to a NOAEL for the test species-rat. The key number 18 corresponds to the entry in the LSE table. The dashed descending arrow indicates the extrapolation from the exposure level of 3 ppm (see entry 18 in the Table) to the MRL of 0.005 ppm (see footnote "b" in the LSE table). 

Figure 9. A schematic of a tunneling center is shown. is its typical size, is a typical displacement on the order of the Lindemann distance. The doubled circles symbolize the atomic positions corresponding to the alternative internal states. The internal contour, encompassing N beads, illustrates a transition state size, to be explained later in the text.

Four neutral lipid models were explored at pH 7.4 (1) 2% wt/vol DOPC in dode-cane, (2) olive oil, (3) octanol, and (4) dodecane. Table 7.5 lists the effective permeabilities Pe, standard deviations (SDs), and membrane retentions of the 32 probe molecules (Table 7.4). The units of Pe and SD are 10 6 cm/s. Retentions are expressed as mole percentages. Figure 7.22a is a plot of log Pe versus log Kd (octanol-water apparent partition coefficients, pH 7.4) for filters loaded with 2% wt/vol DOPC in dodecane (model 1.0, hlled-circle symbols) and with phospholipid-free dodecane (model 4.0, open-circle symbols). The dashed line in the plot was calculated assuming a UWL permeability (see Section 7.7.6) Pu, 16 x 10-6 cm/s (a typical value in an unstirred 96-well microtiter plate assay), and Pe of 0.8 x 10-6 cm/s... 

NOAEL In this example, 18r NOAEL is the critical endpoint for which an intermediate inhalation exposure MRL is based. As you can see from the LSE figure key, the open-circle symbol indicates to a... 

Production of OBCs by chain shuttling catalysis can result in a copolymer with a melting point more than 50 °C higher than that expected for a statistically random copolymer prepared at equivalent density. Figure 17 shows the typical relationship between density and melting point for random ethylene-LAO copolymers. The circled symbols are several OBCs prepared by chain shuttling catalysis [10]. While a typical random copolymer with density of 0.88 g cm-3 would melt at 60 °C, the OBCs made by chain shuttling do not melt until almost 120 °C. 

Fig. 17 OBCs have melting points much higher than the corresponding random copolymers at equivalent density. Circled symbols are OBCs prepared by chain shuttling catalysis Reproduced by permission from [10]...

Fig. 11. Tensor-valued elasticity parameters in a human breast in vivo. A dotted circle symbolizes a carcinoma previously localized using gadolinium-enhanced Ti-weighted imaging. Eigenvalues Ei, E2, and E3 of the elasticity tensor are shown in (a), (b), and (c) respectively. Also shown in (d) is the isotropic elasticity...

Figure 10.4 Calculated activation energy of gas diffusion for counter-diffusion CVD modified MFI-type (circle symbols) zeolite membranes and that of counter-diffusion CVD...

Figure 3.39. Vibrational (a) and rotational (b) state distributions from the ER/HA reactions of H + D/Cu(lll) and D + H/Cu(lll). The crosses are from experiment and the open circle and closed circle symbols are results from dynamic simulations based on two different PES that fit equally well DFT calculations. From Ref. [423].

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