Symbiotic

Soil Nutrient. Molybdenum has been widely used to increase crop productivity in many soils woddwide (see Fertilizers). It is the heaviest element needed for plant productivity and stimulates both nitrogen fixation and nitrate reduction (51,52). The effects are particularly significant in leguminous crops, where symbiotic bacteria responsible for nitrogen fixation provide the principal nitrogen input to the plant. Molybdenum deficiency is usually more prominent in acidic soils, where Mo(VI) is less soluble and more easily reduced to insoluble, and hence unavailable, forms. Above pH 7, the soluble anionic, and hence available, molybdate ion is the principal species. 

P. W. Wilson, The Biochemistry of Symbiotic Nitrogen Eixation, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, Wis., 1940. 

W. B. Silvester, iu P. S. Nutman, ed.. Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in Plants, Cambridge University Press, London, 1976, p. 521. 

In addition to developiag satisfactory catalysts, the designer also may have to develop a catalyst support or work with a support manufacturer to achieve this. In iadustry, catalyst manufacturers either form symbiotic relationships with support manufacturers or become experts ia support design and manufacture themselves. There have been a number of iadustrial acquisitions and joiat ventures formed to exploit just such a relationship. 

Thiobacillus thiooxidans is an aerobic organism that oxidizes various sulfur-containing compounds to form sulfuric acid. These bacteria are sometimes found near the tops of tubercles (see Chap. 3, Tubercu-lation ). There is a symbiotic relationship between Thiobacillus and sulfate reducers Thiobacillus oxidizes sulfide to sulfate, whereas the sulfate reducers convert sulfide to sulfate. It is unclear to what extent Thiobacillus directly influences corrosion processes inside tubercles. It is more likely that they indirectly increase corrosion by accelerating sulfate-reducer activity deep in the tubercles. 

In some cases, companies with frequent or challenging toller service requirements may take on long term programs and commitments to develop one or more toll firms with skills, knowledge, and equipment appropriate for the processes in question. If successful, these long-term commitments can achieve a safe, highly efficient, symbiotic relationship. 

Polyculture Fish farming in which 2 or more compatible or symbiotic species of fish are grown together. Also known as Multiculture. 

The ubiquitous electron was discoveied by J. J. Thompson in 1897 some 25 y after the original work on chemical periodicity by D. I. Mendeleev and Lothar Meyer however, a further 20 y were to pass before G. N. Lewis and then I. Langmuir connected the electron with valency and chemical bonding. Refinements continued via wave mechanics and molecular Orbital theory, and the symbiotic relation between experiment and theory still continues... 

The source of light emission. Each individual animal in a colony of Pyrosoma has two groups of luminous cells at the entrance to the branchial sac (Herring, 1978a). The luminous cells contain tubular inclusions whose identity has been a matter of dispute for nearly a century. Buchner (1914) originally suggested that the inclusions were symbiotic luminous bacteria. However, efforts to cultivate luminous bacteria from the luminous cells of Pyrosoma consistently failed. In... 

Moreover, the lipo-chitooligosaccharides, also known as nod factors, permit nitrogen fixation by which plants and symbiotic Rhizobia bacteria can reduce atmospheric nitrogen to the ammonia that is utihzed by the plant, thus making available nitrogen compounds to other living organisms. 

Crotnack, Jr., K. Delwiche, C.C. McNabb, D.H. In Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in the Management of Temperate Forests Gordon, J.C. Wheeler, C.T. Perry, D.A., Eds. Forest Research Laboratory, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 1979 pp 210-223. 

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