Symbiotic nuclear fuel cycle

Currently, the institutional experience base for transfers of transuranic-containing reload fuel across national borders is practically nonexistent except within the European Union and from Europe to Japan (for MOX fuelled LWRs). An experience for the transfers of factory assembled and fuelled reactor modules is not available at all. Therefore, new institutional arrangements will need to be developed and emplaced to support the progress of both, making a transition to a global symbiotic nuclear fuel cycle and deployment of the small reactors. 

From the perspective of a multi-decade transition to an integrated symbiotic fuel cycle, small reactors with a high conversion ratio CR > 1 offer an advantage over standard LWRs in securing a higher overall nuclear park conversion ratio. Further examination of the trade-offs to achieve a smooth transition to a globally sustainable nuclear fuel cycle requires additional dynamic system studies. 

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