Swann report

Smith H. W. Antibiotic resistant bacteria and associated problems before and after the 1969 Swann Report . in Woodbine, M.Ed. Antibiotics and Antibiosis in Agriculture. Butterworths London. 1977. 

The committee recommended a comparison of subtherapeutic with therapeutic use of antibiotics on the prevalence of resistant transfer factors in meat animals. Also recommended was a study comparing the enteric flora of vegetarians and meat-eaters. A third study would involve workers in abattoirs and their contacts. These studies are in progress under the direction of Dr. Edward Kass at Harvard University and investigators at the Loma Linda Medical School. The committee also recommended further research on the mechanisms of the antibiotic growth effect. The report (7) said there is little indication that sale of antibiotics, including penicillin and tetracyclines, for feed and veterinary use, "has decreased as a result of the Swann Report."... 

The report (7) summarized work by Richmond and Linton in England who found that 3% of all human prescriptions in a county studied were for tetracyclines, and that sewage from hospitals contained more resistant organisms than did domestic sewage. They concluded that the main selective pressure for tetracycline-resistant organisms was from medical rather than veterinary use. Richmond stated that "no reduction had occurred in the incidence of antibiotic-resistant Ej coli in Europe following the implementation of regulations recommended in the Swann Report" (7). 

The third argument is that antibiotics in animal feeds, in veterinary prescriptions, and in human prescriptions, all contribute to resistance, and that only the first of these three uses should be discontinued This argument is challenged by results in Europe There was no decrease in resistance in coli following the ban on penicillin and tetracycline in animal feeds as enacted following the Swann report ... 

Swann, N. (1968), The Flow into Employment of Scientists, Engineers and Technologists, Cmnd 3760 (The Swann Report) (London HMSO). 

K(,(., calculated from the octanol-water coefficient (K w) solubility, and melting point data ranged from 2.93 to 3.47, and compared favorably with literature values (Karickhoff 1981). McLean et al. (1988) estimated a lower Kq . of 39, equal to a log of 1.59. More recently, a of 5,100, equal to log 3.7, has been reported (HSDB 1999). These values indicate that methyl parathion is moderately mobile to immobile in soil (Swann et al. 1983). 

An earlier study yielded data at variance with these findings (Edlund and Swann, 1987). In a small group of patients with panic disorder, disability was marked most reported a decreased quality of work and two-thirds claimed to have lost jobs or income. Half could not drive further than 5 kilometres and a third had increased their alcohol use. However, direct costs for treatment were not high, mainly because most had not sought treatment. Note that this study took place before panic disorder became generally recognized and publicized. 

Recently, Prasad et al. cloned a mammalian Na+-dependent multivitamin transporter (SMVT) from rat placenta [305], This transporter is very highly expressed in intestine and transports pantothenate, biotin, and lipoate [305, 306]. Additionally, it has been suggested that there are other specific transport systems for more water-soluble vitamins. Takanaga et al. [307] demonstrated that nicotinic acid is absorbed by two independent active transport mechanisms from small intestine one is a proton cotransporter and the other an anion antiporter. These nicotinic acid related transporters are capable of taking up monocarboxylic acid-like drugs such as valproic acid, salicylic acid, and penicillins [5], Also, more water-soluble transporters were discovered as Huang and Swann [308] reported the possible occurrence of high-affinity riboflavin transporter(s) on the microvillous membrane. 

Swann M. M. Report of Joint Committee on the Use of Antibiotics in Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine. Cmnd. 4198 Her Majesty s Stationery Office London. 1969. 

This incident and concerns that resistance to antibiotics was increasing led to the formation of the Swann Committee, which examined the use of antibacterials in feeds in England. In 1969, the Committee issued its report ( ) on the use of antibiotics in veterinary medicine and animal husbandry. It recommended that antibiotics and other antibacterials be divided into a "feed class and a "therapeutic class which would be used only by issuance of a veterinary prescription. The British government accepted the Swann Commmttee recommendations in 1971. 

There is an additional protection against residues, because antibiotics in meat tend to be destroyed by cooking.. For example, Broquist and Kohler found that chicken breast muscle containing 12 parts per million of chlortetracycline had 0.14 parts per million after roasting at 230 C for 15 minutes and no detectable amounts after half an hour. The original level of 12 ppm was about 60 times as high as would be produced by 400 ppm in the animal feed, without a withdrawal period W. The UK Swann Committee reported that the only possible effect of residues on consumers arose from penicillin in milk from cows treated for udder infections in which the withdrawal time for the antibiotic had not been observed. Cases of skin rashes were reported from the consumption of such milk by sensitive patients. The Committee commented that "there are no known instances in which harmful effects in human beings have resulted from antibiotic residues in food other than milk" ( ) ... 

The most serious association of antibiotics with salmonellosis was the 1965 outbreak in England of phage type 29 Salmonella typhimurium, resistant to tetracyclines. Six human deaths were attributed to this epidemic. It was traced to "shotgun" treatment of young calves with antibiotics followed by wide dispersal of the calves ( ). Although this epidemic did not involve the use of livestock feeds containing antibiotics, the seriousness of the outbreak led to an inquiry in the UK and a report by the Swann Committee, 1969, into this use. The report of the committee called for a stop to the use of certain common antibiotics in animal feeds in the United Kingdom. 

F.W.G. Swann, JFranklinlnst 250, 219—48 (1950) (On certain matters pertaining to electrets) 4) Kansas University, Third Quarterly Progress Report Research Studies on Electrets Project 152B-0-M19 (15 Aug to 15 Nov 1951)... 

PK has been demonstrated on microscopic objects. Temperature is an effect of molecular movement in solids. Gertrude Schmeidler [111] reported a successful experiment in which the well-known psychic Ingo Swann concentrated on thermistors (electronic devices for sensing temperature). They were sealed in thermos bottles to insulate them, but Swann successfully changed their temperature. The effect known as psychic photography, best studied in recent years in Jule Eisenbud s in-... 

Viswanathan CT, Bansal S, Booth B, DeStefano AJ, Rose MJ, Sailstad J, Shah VP, Skelly JP, Swann PG, Weiner R (2007) Workshop/conference report — quantitative bioanalytical methods validation and implementation best practices for chromatographic and ligand binding assays. AAPS J 9 E30-E42... 

The electrode material plays an important, although little understood role for the outcome or organic electrosyntheses. Innumerable reports (see e.g. Swann, 1956) bear witness to much painstaking work on electrode preparation and pretreatment, sometimes to an extent that one despairs of ever getting any order in this vast, amorphous body of know-how. Just to take one example, it has been reported that the temperature at which a certain solid electrode was cast had a marked effect upon product distribution (Swann et al., 1966) ... 

Suppes T, Dennehy EB, Swann AC, et al. Report of the Texas Consensus Conference Panel on medication treatment of bipolar disorder 2000. J Clin Psychiatry 2002 63 288-299. 

Viswanathan, C.T., Bansal, S., Booth, B., DeStefano, A.J., Rose, M.J., Sailstad, J., Shah, V. P., Skelly, J.P., Swann, P.G., and Weiner, R. (2007) Workshop/conference report quantita tive bioanalytical methods validation and implementation hest practices for chro matographic and ligand binding assays. The AAPS Journal, 9, E30 E42. 

In contrast to volatile hydrocarbons, the respiratory arrest caused by ethyl ether was reversible (Swann et al. 1974). Such reversibility, however, was observed at a lower concentration, about 105 ppm for a 5-minute exposure period in mice. There is no report of its carcinogenicity in animals or humans. 

Though hundreds of syntheses have been reported on a laboratory scale (see Swann and Alkire, 1980 Little and Weinberg, 1991), only a small fraction of them have been commercialized, and some are still in the development stage. Several R D organizations in both the private and public sectors in the USA,... 

Studies of c-fos expression in the accessory olfactory system have been performed almost exclusively in the context of sexual behavior of animals (Fiber, Adames Swann, 1993 Schellinck, Smyth, Brown Wilkinson, 1993 Baum, Brown, Kica, Rubin, Johnson Papaioannou, 1994 Femandez-Fewell and Meredith, 1994 Rajendren and Moss, 1994 Bressler and Baum, 1996). Many studies show that c-fos is expressed in the vomeronasal projection circuit (i.e. the anterior olfactory bulb, the medial amygdala, the posterior medial bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, or the medial preoptic area) after mating behavior. Importantly, there have been no reports of specific c-fos expression in the VNO. 

---