Sustainable benefits

It has become increasingly evident, however, that management of Great Lakes resources to provide sustainable benefits cannot be achieved by the cooperative action of governments alone. Despite admirable efforts carried out under the Canada/United States Water Quality Agreements, problems continue to persist and many important resources continue to be depleted both qualitatively and quantitatively. Collective action on the part of all users of the lakes will be required if the Great Lakes are to be restored and protected for the benefit of future generations. 

Achievement of efficacy by any therapeutic regimen requires days to weeks. Initial dramatic response may be achieved with some agents such as corticosteroids. However, sustained benefit with pharmacologically specific antipsoriatic therapy may require 2 to 8 weeks or longer for clinically meaningful response. 

Fig. 26. VX was highly effective as an antidote to EA 3443 induced perfomiance decrements in NP/o, leading to virtually full reversal of cognitive impairment with only two doses. This work (b Sidell and Aghajanian) suggests that VX could produce much better and more sustained benefit in known cases of EA 3443-induced incapacitation...

Although early improvement may be seen, at least 6 to 12 months of therapy may be necessary to assess whether a beneficial response has been achieved. Androgenetic alopecia 1 mg once/day, with or without meals. Daily use for at least 3 months is necessary before benefit is observed. Continued use is recommended to sustain benefit. Withdrawal of treatment leads to reversal of effect within 12 months. 

D. B. Allen, Sustained benefit after 2 years of growth hormone on body composition, fat utilization, physical strength and agility, and growth in Prader-Willi syndrome. J Pediatr, 2000.137(1) 42-9. 

Treatment for at least 3-6 months is necessary to see increased hair growth or prevent further hair loss. Continued treatment with finasteride is necessary to sustain benefit. Reported adverse effects include decreased libido, ejaculation disorders, and erectile dysfunction, which resolve in most men who remain on therapy and in all men who discontinue finasteride. 

Several randomized clinical trials have compared the efficacy and safety of LMWH and UFH among initially medically managed patients presenting with ACS (15-18). Among those, enoxaparin was the only LMWH to demonstrate a significant and sustained benefit over UFH in the metaanalysis of the thrombolysis in Ml (TIMI) I IB and ESSENCE trials, enoxaparin was associated with a significant reduction of death and Ml at 8, 14, and 43 days (OR 0.77, 95% Cl 0.62-0.95 OR 0.79, 95% Cl 0.65-0.96 and OR 0.82, 95% Cl 0.69-0.97, respectively) (19). 

Treatment of xerosis on the plantar surface of the feet for two weeks gave more pronounced improvement in skin roughness, fissures, and dryness by a 40% urea cream (Carmol 40) than from a 12% ammonium lactate lotion (Lac-Hydrin).40 No change in transepidermal water loss (TEWL) was noted from urea-treatment. Both therapies showed sustained benefit during the next two weeks. Furthermore, a cream containing 10% urea and 4% lactic acid provided faster and better improvement with significantly less xerosis regression in patients with diabetes.41... 

Doraiswamy PM, Krishnan KR, Anand R, Sohn H, Danyluk J, Hartman RD, Veach J. Long-term effects of rivastigmine in moderately severe Alzheimer s disease does early initiation of therapy offer sustained benefits Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2002 26(4) 705-12. 

A supplementation of procyanidins from cocoa significantly decreased plasma or liver cholesterol and triglycerides in rats fed a high cholesterol diet. The capacity of procyanidins to inhibit intestinal absorption of cholesterol appeared to be one of the mechanisms (Osakabe and Yamagishi, 2009). Cocoa procyanidins had sustained benefits to reverse vascular dysfunction in diabetic patients (Balzer et ah, 2008). Such benefits had been attributed to (—)-epicatechin, which is the constituent unit of cocoa procyanidins (Schroeter et ah, 2006). Procyanidins from cacao were found to inhibit growth of human breast cancer and colonic cancer cells (Camesecchi et ah, 2002 Ramljak et ah, 2005). 

Balzer, J. Rassaf, T. Heiss, C. Kleinbongard, P. Lauer, T. Merx, M. Heussen, N. Gross, H.B. Keen, C.L. Schroeter, H. Ketm, M. 2008. Sustained benefits in vascular function through flavanol-containing cocoa in medicated diabetic patients a double-masked, randomized, controlled trial. J. Am. College of Cardiol. 51 2141-2149. 

Schuhlen H, Kastrati A, Pache J, et al. Sustained benefit over four years from an initial combined antiplatelet regimen after coronary stent placement in the ISAR trial. Intracoronary Stenting and Antithrombotic Regimen. Am J Cardiol 2001 87 397- 00. 

Doraiswamy, P. M., Krishnan, K. R., Anand, R., Sohn, H., Danyluk, J, Hartman, R. D., and Veach, J. (2002). Long-term effects of hvastigmine in moderately severe Alzheimer s disease Docs early initiation of therapy offer sustained benefits Pm . Neump.tychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatr. 26, 705-712. 

Since the original publication of the FTT, White reported unpublished data from the FTT that shows a more sustained benefit in the elderly (11). In contrast to the initial FTT analysis that included patients with factors associated with both reduced benefit and increased risk of fibrinolytic therapy (i.e., patients presenting >12 hours after the onset of symptoms as well as individuals showing ST depression or T wave... 

The objectives of the new work process are to improve the integration between the in-house capability and the engineering vendors and provide a mechanism through which industrial plants can obtain guaranteed, sustainable benefits. 

Surfactants provide various benefits in shampoo formulations ranging from wetting of hair surfaces to cleaning, and might help the deposition of hydrophobic ingredients for sustained benefits. A shampoo or shampoo-conditioning formula becomes ideal if it can deliver the following benefits and meet safety and environmental requirements ... 

Kim Y, Kim BN, Cho SC, Kim JW, Shin MS. Long-term sustained benefits of clozapine treatment in refractory early onset schizophrenia a retrospective study in Korean children and adolescents. Hum Psychopharmacol 2008 23(8) 715-22. 

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