Suspensoids

Electroultrafiltration (EUF) combines forced-flow electrophoresis (see Electroseparations,electrophoresis) with ultrafiltration to control or eliminate the gel-polarization layer (45—47). Suspended colloidal particles have electrophoretic mobilities measured by a zeta potential (see Colloids Elotation). Most naturally occurring suspensoids (eg, clay, PVC latex, and biological systems), emulsions, and protein solutes are negatively charged. Placing an electric field across an ultrafiltration membrane faciUtates transport of retained species away from the membrane surface. Thus, the retention of partially rejected solutes can be dramatically improved (see Electrodialysis). 

In the adhesives area, thermoplastic, fatty polyamides are used in hot-melt and heat-seal adhesives for leather, paper, plastic and metal. Blends of EDA- and DETA-based polyamides are suggested for use in metal can seam sealants with improved toughness (234) pressure sensitive adhesives have been formulated with DETA-based polyamides (235) and anionic and cationic suspensoid adhesives are used as heat-seal coatings in paper converting (236). PIP and certain PIP derivatives are used with EDA in some appHcations (237). 

Suspensoid An early catalytic cracking process in which the silica-alumina catalyst was suspended in the petroleum. First operated in Ontario in 1940. 

This decrease in sensitivity to electrolytes of a suspensoid by adsorption of a hydrated colloid from a solution provides a ready method for the estimation of the protecting power of these stabi-... 

Coagulation, the result of approach, contact and coalescence of the particles of the suspensoid, is evidently hindered by any factor which may retard one of these three actions. The approach of one particle to another is brought about by the thermal or Brownian movement of the particles within the medium and factors such as low temperature, high viscosity of the medium or large particle size will evidently diminish the rate of approach. When the particles are in close proximity to one another, actual contact will be prevented if the particles possess electric charges similar in sign, due to the action of electrostatic repulsion. The particles will possess no net charge, i.e. their surface will be covered with the same number of cations and anions and will not repel one another at the isoelectric point when the capillary attraction can operate effectively (Hardy, Proc. Roy. Soo. LXVI. 110,1900). 

If, on the other hand, there is a slight excess of silver ions, then they will certainly adhere to the chlorine ions and the crystal, thereby obtaining a positive charge. The number of silver ions which combine will not be large, since any further additions will be repelled by those already present. The free suspensoid of an AgCl crystal can... 

When dilute silver nitrate and dilute potassium bromide solutions are mixed so that there is a slight excess of either solution, silver bromide is peptized. Acheson s oil-dag and aqua-dag are suspensoids of graphite in oil ur water containing a protective colloid, lannin. Oil-dug contains about 15% of a "deflocculated graphite." and is used in dilute solution in luhricaling oil (about... 

If the dispersed medium is a solid,immissible with dispersion liquid, it is called "suspensoid and the combination a "suspension (Eg colliodal gold or ferric oxide in water), and if the dispersed medium is a liquid immissible with dispersion liquid, it is known as "emulsoid and the combination as "emulsion (Eg milk, rubber latex, etc)... 

Suspensoid catalytic cracking a nonregenerative cracking process in which cracking stock is mixed with slurry of catalyst (usually clay) and cycle oil and passed through the coils of a heater. 

A system of solid particles dispersed in a liquid. Suspensions were previously referred to as suspensoids , meaning suspension colloids. Aside from the obvious definition of a colloidal suspension, a number of operational definitions are common in industry, such as any dispersed matter that can be removed by a 0.45 pm nominal pore-size filter. 

Einstein Equation for Viscosity of Suspensions—Einstein derived a general equation for computation of the viscosity of a suspensoid in terms of viscosity of the medium, and the ratio of aggregate volume of solid particles to total volume of suspensoid. Einstein s equation is... 

The sedimentation volume of mineral powders is also affected by the electric charge on the surface of the particles,4 just as the state of dispersion of suspensions and suspensoid colloids depends on the amount of this... 

These experiments are an attempt to imitate, on a scale large enough to be visible, the adhesional forces which control the stability of suspensoid colloids, and are of very great interest. Protective action has been investigated to some extent also, but. the results published so far are rather meagre. 

Suspensoid Liquid phase Clay Ex-lube oil decolorizing Powdered... 

Properties. The solid polyamide resins are alcohol soluble and if properly formulated can supply some degree of hydrocarbon compatibility. Thus, they can be applied from solvent solution. However, they also can be applied as hot melts or from water dispersions. Water-based forms known as suspensoids have been described (12). Solid polyamides also may be finely divided for use as powders. The films are characterized by resistance to moisture, moisture vapor transmission, grease, and oils. They are resistant to many solvents and chemicals including aliphatic hydrocarbons and mineral and vegetable oils. They do not resist lacquer-type solvents and alcohols. They have a high degree of flexibility and maintain their flexibility upon aging. Also, they are heat sealable at relatively low temperatures and adhere to an unusually wide variety of substrates. 

Beside solvent application techniques, these resins can be applied as hot melts and from water dispersions. Water dispersions (12. 14) may be readily prepared by converting amine end groups to salts such as substituted ammonium acetates. These intrinsic emulsifiers readily cause water dispersions called suspensoids. Films from suspensoids must be heat fused in order to achieve barrier properties. 

Here/is the shear stress (force per area), s is the rate of shear, (/ = 0, 1,2) is a quantity proportional to the relaxation time, is a constant proportional to the reciprocal of the shear modulus, X, is the fraction of a shear plane occupied by the ith flow unit, and / = 0, 1, and 2 indicate, respectively, the solvent, the Newtonian, and the non-Newtonian flow units. It is a well-known fact that (1) was applied with great success to various cases including colloidal suspensions and polymeric solutions. In this paper, we study the Newtonian terms [the first and second terms on the right of (1)] in more detail, and the nature of the Newtonian flow units of solutes or suspensoids will be considered. 

Heard, W. N. The precipitation of suspensoid protein by various ions and its cause. Jour. Physiology, Vd. 45, pp. 27-28. 

---