Solids in Suspension

Minimum rotational speed for complete solid suspension in solid-liquid systems... 

Ottewill, R.H. (1987) Properties of concentrated suspensions, in Solid/Liquid Dispersions (ed. T.F. Tadros), Academic Press, London. 

Kalinske, A.A., Robertson, J.M. (1943). Closed conduit flow. Trans. ASCE 108 1435-1447. Kalinske, A.A. (1953). Settling rate of suspensions in solids contact. Proc. ASCE 79(186) 1-8. Kalinske, A.A. (1954). Flotation and sedimentation in treating wastes. Water and Sewage Works 101(3) 128-131. P... 

Critical speed for solid suspension in solid-liquid system (rev/s) Speed of rotation of spin filter (rev/s)... 

Ottewill, R.FI., Properties of Concentrated Suspensions , in Solid/Liquid Dispersions ,... 

What this shows is that, from the definition of off-bottom motion to complete uniformity, the effect of mixer power is much less than from going to on-bottom motion to off-bottom suspension. The initial increase in power causes more and more solids to be in active communication with the liquid and has a much greater mass-transfer rate than that occurring above the power level for off-bottom suspension, in which slip velocity between the particles of fluid is the major contributor (Fig. 18-23). 

The transfer of supersaturated liquor from the vaporizer (point B, Fig. 18-69) often causes salt buildup in the piping and reduction of the operating cycle in equipment of this type. The rate of buildup can be reduced by circulating a thin suspension of solids through the vaporizing chamber however, the presence of such small seed ciystals tends to rob the supersaturation developed in the vaporizer, thereby lowering the efficiency of the recirculation system. 

There are three basic modes of burning solid fuels, each identified with a furnace design specific for that mode in suspension, in a bed at rest on a grate (fuel-bed firing), or in a fluidized bed. Although many variations of these generic modes and furnace designs have been devised, the fundamental characteristics of equipment and procedure remain intact. They will be described briefly. 

There are a large number of processes in the chemical industries that handle a variety of suspensions of solid particles in liquids. The application of filtration techniques for the separation of these heterogeneous systems is sometimes very costly. If, however, the discrete phase of the suspension largely contains settleable particles, the separation can be effected by the operation of sedimentation. The process of sedimentation involves the removal of suspended solid particles from a liquid stream by gravitational settling. This unit operation is divided into thickening,... 

The operating cycle of a belt vacuum filter consists of filtration, washing and dewatering stages. The solids suspension in water is separated under the following set of conditions ... 

Stable solids suspensions in water- The mechanisms involved in keeping solids suspended in water,... 

The separation of solids in suspension in liquids can be achieved by either of the following techniques... 

Separation of Solids in Suspension in Liquids. This can be achieved using... 

Electrostatic Properties of Solids in Suspension. Some solids in suspension will migrate from one pole to another when placed between direct current electrodes. The phenomenon of solids moving toward an electrode is known as cataphoresis. 

The new pressure loss equation presented here is based on determining two parameters the velocity difference between gas and conveyed material and the falling velocity of the material. The advantage of this method is that no additional pressure loss coefficient is needed. The two parameters are physically clear and they are quite easily modeled for different cases by theoretical considerations, which makes the method reliable and applicable to various ap>-plications. The new calculation method presented here can be applied to cases where solids are conveyed in an apparently uniform suspension in a so-called lean or dilute-phase flow. 

Sedimentation I he process of settling solid particulates out of suspension in a fluid or a gas. 

Primary nucleation is the classical form of nucleation. It occurs mainly at high levels of supersaturation and is thus most prevalent during unseeded crystallization or precipitation. This mode of nucleation may be subdivided into either homogeneous viz. spontaneously from clear solution, or heterogeneous viz. in the presence of dust particles in suspension, or solid surfaces. 

Each stage of particle formation is controlled variously by the type of reactor, i.e. gas-liquid contacting apparatus. Gas-liquid mass transfer phenomena determine the level of solute supersaturation and its spatial distribution in the liquid phase the counterpart role in liquid-liquid reaction systems may be played by micromixing phenomena. The agglomeration and subsequent ageing processes are likely to be affected by the flow dynamics such as motion of the suspension of solids and the fluid shear stress distribution. Thus, the choice of reactor is of substantial importance for the tailoring of product quality as well as for production efficiency. 

Guichardon, P., Falk, L., Fournier, M.C. and Villermaux, J., 1994. Study of micromixing in a liquid-solid suspension in a stirred reactor. American Institute of Chemical Engineers Symposium Series, 299, 123-130. 

Zweiteriiig, T.N., 1958. Suspension of solid particles in liquids by agitators. Chemical Engineering Science, 8, 244. 

The light yellow solid which separated was collected by filtration the filtrate was reserved for treatment as described below. Suspension in water of the solid, which weighed 12 grams, and acidification of the mixture with dilute hydrochloric acid produced a gum which soon crystallized. Recrystallizatiori of this solid from ethanol gave 10.2 grams (30%) of 2-di-phenylacetyl-1,3-indandione as a light yellow crystalline solid, which melted at 146 -147°C. 

When the polymer was prepared by the suspension polymerization technique, the product was crosslinked beads of unusually uniform size (see Fig. 16 for SEM picture of the beads) with hydrophobic surface characteristics. This shows that cardanyl acrylate/methacry-late can be used as comonomers-cum-cross-linking agents in vinyl polymerizations. This further gives rise to more opportunities to prepare polymer supports for synthesis particularly for experiments in solid-state peptide synthesis. Polymer supports based on activated acrylates have recently been reported to be useful in supported organic reactions, metal ion separation, etc. [198,199]. Copolymers are expected to give better performance and, hence, coplymers of CA and CM A with methyl methacrylate (MMA), styrene (St), and acrylonitrile (AN) were prepared and characterized [196,197]. 

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