Suspension agents, detergent

For polystyrene and polyvinylchloride (PVC), made by the suspension or emulsion processes, the reaction medium is an aqueous solution containing wetting agents, detergents, soaps and emulsifiers. Traces of all of these will occur in the final product. 

Uses Wetting agent, detergent, emulsifier, solubilizer for agric. emulsifiable and suspension cones., leather processing, emulsion and suspension polymerization mortar plasticizer plastics antislat emulsifier for cosmetic creams and lotions dispersant for coatings... 

Ether carboxylates are used not only in powdered detergents but in liquid laundry detergents for their hard water stability, lime soap dispersibility, and electrolyte stability they improve the suspension stability and rheology of the electrolyte builder [130,131]. Formulations based particularly on lauryl ether carboxylate + 4.5 EO combined with fatty acid salt and other anionic surfactants are described [132], sometimes in combination with quaternary compounds as softeners [133,163]. Ether carboxylates show improved cleaning properties as suds-controlling agents in formulations with ethoxylated alkylphenol or fatty alcohol, alkyl phosphate esters or alkoxylate phosphate esters, and water-soluble builders [134]. 

Emulsion polymerisation represents the next stage in development from the suspension technique and is a versatile and widely used method of polymerisation. In this technique droplets of monomer are dispersed in water with the aid of an emulsifying agent, usually a synthetic detergent. The detergent forms small micelles 10-100 /im in size, which is much smaller than the droplets that can be formed by mechanical agitation in suspension polymerisation. These micelles contain a small quantity of monomer, the rest of the monomer being suspended in the water without the aid of any surfactant. 

Wet anti-tack agents can be soap or detergent solutions or suspensions of the dry agents in water. For example, dissolved polymers with non-ionic surface active agents which form a thin layer of polymer on unvulcanised rubber sheets magnesium stearate in water zinc stearate dispersion and aqueous dispersions of fatty acid salts. 

The material also appears to use the term solubilization as if it produces a true solution. However, the protein and retinoid materials involved are not water soluble. They do not dissolve in water, even in the presence of detergents and other dispersing agents. The result is the dispersal of the insoluble material into a suspension. Such a suspension can be expected to introduce considerable scatter into any light beam projected through a test cell. 

The adsorption of surfactants onto solid surfaces is important with respect to their detergent properties, their use as wetting agents in solid pharmaceutical dosage forms, and as stabilizers for suspension formulations. The mode of action of surfactants in each of these systems is discussed further below. 

Detergents Water-soluble, surface-active agents capable of wetting a variety of surfaces and removing greasy and oily deposits, retaining the dirt in suspension to be rinsed. 

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