Surveys and Monitoring

Survey means an evaluation of the radiation hazards incident to the prodnction, nse, release, disposal, or presence of radioactive materials or other sources of radiation nnder a specific set of conditions. When appropriate, such evaluation includes a physical survey of the location of materials and equipment and measurements of levels of radiation or concentrations of radioactive material present. Every employer shall supply appropriate personnel monitoring equipment, snch as film badges, pocket chambers, pocket dosimeters, or film rings, and should ensure the use of such equipment by exposed employees. Personnel monitoring equipment means devices designed to be worn or carried by an individual for the purpose of measuring the dose received. 

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Hexabromobiphenyl has not been surveyed or monitored in biota in the Environmental Survey and Monitoring of Chemicals Program. There is the first report of PBB detection in cormorants and fish from Japan by Watanabe et al. (2004). 

Jiang, X.F., 1989. Survey and monitoring of HCH and DDT residues in human milk in Nanjing City. Environ. Monit. Manage. Technol. (Chinese) 1, 25-27. 

Water surveys and monitoring have revealed the presence of PAH with significant concentrations in two areas Colmata a mare and the LAM area (Laminatoi). A more diffuse contamination has been found in the Acciaieria, Cockeria, and Laminatoi areas. 

The chemical and stereochemical purities of synthetic pheromones are often of critical importance for their use in survey and monitoring traps (2,5). The problems associated with inhibitors requires, in general, that the synthetic products have high chemical purity. The fact that a precise mixture of geometrical isomers is usually essential if the synthetic material is to be an effective attractant in the field requires that the synthetic route give a product of reproducible and predictable stereochemical composition. 

In the approach to Year 2000, regulatory authorities tended to survey and monitor the preparations being made by pharmaceutical and healthcare companies to cope with the feared millennium bug rather than conduct detailed computer validation inspections. This factor seems to have delayed comprehensive inspections of computer vahdation. A few sporadic citations for the noncomphance of isolated computer systems arose in 1999, but there were no prominent censures in this area. 

Mar, B.W., Mitter, W.S., Palmer, R.N., Carpenter, R.A. (1987) Cost-effective Data Acquisition. Guidelines for Surveying and Monitoring Watersheds, Workshop Report 1. East-West Environment and Policy Institute. 

Intercomparison exercises on trace metal measurements in seawater conducted under the auspices of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) (Berman et al., 1983 Berman and Boyko, 1988 Bewers et al., 1985 Pohl, 1997 ICES, 2000) have further stressed the need for laboratories involved in environmental surveys and monitoring programmes to uphold rigorous analytical control measures. 

Adequate survey and monitoring of pesticides in water, food, and soil, by setting up suitable analytical methods for measurement of pesticide levels. 

In 1999, 10 sediment cores were drilled at the field site, reaching to the base of the aquifer body. The instrumentation consists of 24 conventional piezometers at varying depths and three multilevel wells located in a distance of 3 to 620 m from the river (Fig. 11.1). The area has been intensively surveyed and monitored over 1V2 years for relevant parameters. A 3D transient hydraulic model serves as a base for investigating groundwater flow paths for different river levels. 

CHE 09] Cheshire A.C., Adler, E., Barbiere, J., et al, UNEP/IOC guidelines on survey and monitoring of marine litter, UNEP regional seas reports and studies, no. 186, IOC 41, 2009. 

Yet, strangely, given its importance, this remains a neglected corner of AlUed history. Whilst historians have discussed industrial disarmament in general, and the history of the chemical industry in particular, the role of chemical disarmament has been the Cinderella of the story. Nonetheless, the attempts of Allied officials to survey and monitor the industry lies at the heart of political, military, economic and technology policy concerning military-industrial dual-use. ... 

Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) is useful to measure extremely low-abundance nuclides (isotope ratio of 10 to 10 relative to its stable isotope), such as Be, C, A1, C1, " Ca, and I, in natural samples. Small amounts of C and T can be measured by AMS on mg size samples of carbon and iodine extracted from 500-ml seawater samples (Povinec et al. 2000). Neutron activation analysis (NAA), radiochemical neutron activation analysis (RNAA), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) are useful for the determination of ultra-trace Th and U in geological and cosmochemical samples, and for determination of the concentration of Pu and Pu. Reference marine-biological samples are necessary to test the performance of the analytical methods employed in surveying and monitoring radioactive materials in the sea. An ocean shellfish composite material containing 0.1% w/w Irish Sea mussel, 12% w/w White Sea mussel, and 87.9% w/w Japan Sea oyster has been prepared as the NIST SRM 4358 (The National Institute of Standards and Technology, SRM) in the natural-matrix, environmental-level radioactive SRM series (Altzitzoglou 2000). This NIST SRM 4358 sample will be useful for the determination of the activity of K, Cs, Pb, Ra, Th, and Am. 

Marine research projects, surveys and monitoring programmes often require routine taxonomic identification of marine zooplankton (Bottger-Schnack et al., 2004). This work requires taxonomic skills and knowledge that are nowadays very scarce. Critical reference texts, keys and other relevant information are sometimes... 

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