Surfaces architecture

Arrays have been produced on filter supports, in microtiter plate wells and on glass slides coated and modified with one-, two- or 3-dimensional surface architectures as shown schematically in Figure 813 19. Glass offers a number of practical advantages, such as mechanical stability and low autofluorescence. Due to the non-porous character of glass chips, the volume of the hybridization solution can be kept to a minimum and probe-target interaction is not limited by diffusion into pores. However, three-... 

Surface modification can be achieved by the surface derivatization of functional-group-bearing low-molecular-weight substances, the grafting of polymer to and from the surface and amphiphilic polymer coating. The main theme of this article is focused on initiator-transfer-terminator (iniferter)-based grafting-from-surface and derivatization-on-surface approaches aiming at precision surface architectures, which are primary determinants of the biocompatibility of medical devices. 

As mentioned earlier, there are a large variety of surface-modification techniques for achieving a desired surface architecture. Due to lack of sophisticated instrumental facilities, the researchers in the past had to compromise with techniques that were less surface-specific and offered little control over the process. However, with system automation, it is possible to develop surfaces with well-defined properties and morphologies, avoiding tedious processes. 

Whitfield, C., Amor, P.A., Koplin, R. Modulation of the surface architecture of Gram-negative bacteria by the action of surface polymer lipid A-core ligase and by determinants of polymer chain length. Mol Microbiol 23 (1997) 629-638. 

SMA-based surface architecture fundamentally influences the events and responses of biological substances that approach from the ambient to biomaterial surfaces, thereby directly dominates the overall performance of the surface modifying efforts. 

A multi-layer surface architecture composed of SAM/streptavidin/probe was employed for the hybridization study (Fig. 19). Since the streptavidin density on the functional stripes was identical to that on a homogenous surface [9], i.e., 2.2 x 1012 molecules cm-2, the probe density was estimated to be 2.9 x 1012 molecules cm 2 by knowing from the diffraction signal the binding stoichiometry between streptavidin and the probe (ca. 0.75) [16],... 

Surface architectures prepared by solid-phase derivatization of alkylthiol SAMs... 

Electrode surfaces modified with a multilayered surface architecture prepared by a layer-by-layer repeated deposition of several enzyme mono-layers show a modulated increase of surface-bound protein with a subsequent increase in output current, which is directly correlated with the number of deposited protein layers. The versatility of this approach allows alternate layers of different proteins for the manufacture of electrode surfaces, which are the basis for multianalyte sensing devices with multiple substrate specificities. The surface chemistry used for the manufacture of multilayered electrode surfaces is similar to that previously described for the preparation of affinity sensors, and is based on the stabilization of self-assembled multilayer assemblies by specific affinity interactions, electrostatic attraction, or covalent binding between adjacent monolayers. 

E. Umbach, K. Glockler, and M. Soko-lowski, Surface architecture with large organic molecules interface order and epitaxy, Surf. Sci. 404(1-3), 20-31 (1998). 

The single crystal faces studied, Ru(OOl) and Ru(llO), provided a contrast in surface architecture. The Ru(OOl) surface is very tightly packed, analogous to Fe(llO), while the... 

Ultrastructural analysis was first performed to determine whether obvious surface differences existed between wild-type and mutant strains. The notion that such differences might exist stemmed from observations that growth of the mutant strains In liquid media resulted In flocculant appearing cultures In comparison to the wild type, and that such cells were difficult to resuspend after collection by filtration or centrifugation. However, no differences were noted by electron microscopy In surface architecture of mutant strains concerning the number or thickness of the layers of the cell wall. 

Modem tools of imaging on an atomic scale to be used in the future should provide complementary insight about the Fischer-Tropsch-catalyst surface architecture. 

Surface architecture showing electrons forming an interference pattern. 

A goal of Professor Sykes s research group is to understand how molecules approaching such a surface will interact with the electron density on the surface and to explore how to tailor surfaces and better assist molecules to self-assemble in new surface architectures. Professor Sykes is also interested in studying the effect of surface structure on the ability of the surface to catalyze various chemical reactions. 

Apart from redesigning materials, patterns and surface architectures for the Nike Pro TurboSpeed uniforms on key areas of the athlete s form to assist aerodynamic drag reduction, the interior surface is as smooth, even and uninterrupted as possible. By placing elastics and edge finishes on the outside of the garment and by incorporating an innovative flat, smooth waistband, bulkiness and abrasions are virtually eliminated. 

Buschmann et al. were the first to prepare a polyrotaxane containing cucurbituril by cleverly adapting interfacial polymerization conditions to the requirements of the water-soluble pseudorotaxane monomer. Polymers in which cucurbituril has been threaded onto the side chain in a pseudorotaxane fashion have been reported by Kim et al. Cucurbituril has also been integrated into a branched polymer structure. Through the functionalization of the surface of a dendrimer with a diamine motif, Kim et al. achieved the threading of CB[6] onto it, leading to a pseudorotaxinated surface architecture. ... 

Mirkin CA. Dip pen nanolithography automated fabrication of custom microcomponents, sub-100 nanometer surface architectures. MRS Bull 2001 26 535-8. 

The biological paradox of the placenta stems from the immunological makeup of the host tissue and fetus. Graft-versus-host complications relating to incompatibility between a mother and her otherwise healthy unborn child are extremely rare. The placental membranes of humans have evolved a molecular mechanism involving unique features of its cell surface architecture and biochemical properties that renders it virtually insusceptible to any form of maternal immune attack. " ... 

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