Surface Transportation Board

Some limited, volume of tiaffic also may be subject to ceitain rates, terms, and conditions collectively established by a group of carriers pursuant to an agreement between such carriers, if approved and exempted from the antitmst laws by the Surface Transportation Board (STB) (8). Whenever any rate arranged between a shipper and carrier iacorporates provisions of such an agreement, a shipper should request confirmation from the carrier that the carrier is a party to the agreement. 

U.S.C. 13703 (1996) in 1996, the Surface Transportation Board (U.S. Dept, of Transportation) replaced the former Interstate Commerce Commission under provisions of ICC Termination Met of1995, P.L. 104-88. 

American Association of Railroads (1999a), Statement of Edward R. Hamberger, President and Chief Executive Officer, Association of American Railroads, Before the United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation Subcommittee on Surface Transportation and Merchant Marine on Surface Transportation Board Reauthorization, httD //www.fusionDroductions.com/aar/testimonv.htm. Washington, D.C. (accessed 5/27/99). 

Ensuring the Safety of Our Nations Motorcoach Passengers, Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Surface Transportation and Merchant Marine Infrastructure, Safety, and Security of the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation, 112th Cong., 1st Sess. (2011) (Testimony of Deborah A.P. Hersman, Chairman, National Transportation Safety Board). 

For example, the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) has a staff of about 300 specialists who investigate hundreds of civil aviation and surface transportation accidents each year. The Board does not have regulatory powers, but it recommends changes for improved safety that other agencies of government may implement. 

Source From Noureldin, A.S. and McDaniel, R.S., Evaluation of Steel Slag Asphalt Surface Mixtures, presented at the 69th annual meeting, Transportation Research Board, Washington, January 1990. 

To be able to predict the release of SVOCs from a material to the indoor environment it is important to understand the fundamental mechanisms in order to mathematically model the emissions. The emission behavior of DEHP from PVC in the FLEC and CLIMPAQ experiments (Clausen et al., 2004) have now been successfully modeled (Xu and Little, 2006). Fluid building materials such as paints (Clausen, 1993 Xu and Little, 2006) and wood oil (Clausen, 1997) may also emit SVOCs and are usually used on large indoor surfaces such as walls, ceilings and floors. Such wet materials may be applied on substrates like wood or plaster board. The emission of for example, Texanol from water-based paint was found likely to be limited by gas phase mass transport (Clausen, 1993) similar to the DEHP emission from PVC (Clausen et al., 2004). 

Although the primary thermal transport mechanisms and the commonly used heat removal techniques vary substantially from one packaging level to the next, in general, heat removal can be addressed hierarchically. The first level of the hierarchy is at the chip package (IC) level where heat conducts from the chip or component to the package surfaces through interface materials and is then rejected from the outer surfaces (heat sink and the board) into ambient air (Figure 4). 

On Earth, heat travels by conduction, convection, and radiation. However, conduction and natural convection are almost entirely nonexistent in the vacuum of space. Radiation is the primary method of heat transport in space. Space-based electronics that need to be kept cold are attached to radiators that face deep space and radiate excess heat into space. These electronics (i.e., space based phased-array-radar and laser systems) and radiators are thermally insulated from the rest of the spacecraft. Cooling is achieved through surface thermal radiation to deep space. Space-based electronics thermal management encompasses not only the removal of waste heat, but also the conservation of heat to provide a benign environment for the instruments and on-board electronic equipment. 

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