Support systems water

Martinez M, Rodriguez-Roda 1, Poch M, Cortes U, Comas J (2006) Dynamic reasoning to solve complex problems in activated sludge processes a step further in decision support systems. Water Sci Technol 53(1) 191-198... 

Turon C, Alemany J, Bou J, Comas J, Poch M (2005) Optimal maintenance of constructed wetlands using an environmental decision support system. Water Sci Technol 51(10) 109-117... 

Considerations regarding supporting facilities such as utility systems, water treatment, and heat transfer include ... 

Function event trees include primarily the engineered safety features of the plant, but other systems provide necessary support functions. For example, electric power system failure amid reduce the effectiveness of the RCS heat-removal function after a transient or small UJ( A. Therefore, EP should be included among the systems that perform this safety function. Siipfiort systems such as component-cooling water and electric power do not perform safety functions directly. However, they significantly contribute to the unavailability of a system or group of systems that perform safety functions. It is necessary, therefore, to identify support systems for each frontline ssstcm and include them in the system analysis. 

Nuclear power plant systems may be classified as "Frontline" and "Support. . iccurding to their. service in an accident. Frontline systems are the engineered safety systems that deal directly with an accident. Support systems support the frontline systems. Accident initiators are broadly grouped as loss of cooling accidents (LOCAs) or transients. In a LOCA, water cooling the reactor is lost by failure of the cooling envelope. These are typically classified as small-small (SSLOCA), smalt (SLOCA), medium (MLOCA) and large (LLOCA). 

Plant design differences (primarily in support systems such as cooling water, electrical power, ventilation, and air systems)... 

For both failure modes, terminations caused by conditions other than the DG and its immediate support systems were not counted. Conditions that invalidated tests or demands for this study Include any operating errors that would not have prevented the DG from being restarted and brought to load in a few minutes without corrective maintenance incorrect trip signals that would not have been operative in the emergency mode and minor water or oil lea)cs that would not have precluded operation of the DG in an emergency. 

Filters should be inspected for loss of media and agglomerated or blinded media. Media support and water distribution systems should be checked for fouling and mechanical soundness. 

Decision Support Systems for Integrated Water Resources Management Under Water Scarcity... 

Keywords Decision support systems, Integrated water resources management, Water scarcity... 

Comas J, Alemany J, Poch M, Torrens A, Salgot MA, Bou J (2003) Development of a knowledge-based decision support system for identifying adequate wastewater treatment for small communities. Water Sci Technol 48(11-12) 393-400... 

Koutsoyannis D, Karavokiros G, Efstratiadis A, Mamassis N, Koukouvinos A, Christofides A (2003) A decision support system for the management of the water resource system of Athens. Phys Chem Earth 28 599-609... 

Kunstman H, Jung G, Wagner S, Clottey H (2007) Integration of atmospheric sciences and hydrology for the development of decision support systems in sustainable water management. Phys Chem Earth 33 165-174... 

Argent RM, Perraud J-M, Rahman JM, Grayson RB, Podger GM (2009) A new approach to water quality modelling and environmental decision support systems. Environ Modell Softw 24 809-818... 

Giordano R, Passarella G, Uricchio VF, Vurro M (2007) Integrating conflict analysis and consensus reaching in a decision support system for water resource management. J Environ... 

Mysiak J, Giupponi C, Rosato P (2005) Towards the development of a decision support system for water resource management. Environ Modell Softw 20(2) 203-214... 

Claff RE (1993) The American Petroleum Institute s (API) decision support system (DSS) for risk and exposure assessment. In Proceedings of the 1993 petroleum hydro- carbons and organic chemicals in ground water prevention, detection and restoration. The American Petroleum Institute and the Association of Ground Water Scientists and Engineers, Houston, November 10-12, pp 74—84... 

The latter concept implies providing local life support systems for unfriendly environments. By now, Ukrainian scientists and engineers have developed a variety of processes for potable water treatment by adsorption, electrochemical oxidation, electrocoagulation, electro-coprecipitation, electrodialysis, electrofloatation, floatation, membrane techniques etc. Each family must get small units for water purification, air cleaning and removal of hazardous substances from the food as soon as possible, for it may take decades to introduce cleaner production on a national scale. Here, we should follow the example of Western business people who bring with them to Ukraine devices enabling a safe existence in this unfriendly environment. 

Normally where it is necessary, fireproofing is preferred over water spray for several reasons. The fireproofing is a passive inherent safety feature, while the water spray is a vulnerable active system that requires auxiliary control to be activated. Additionally the water spray relies on supplemental support systems that may be vulnerable to failures, i.e., pumps, distribution network, etc. The integrity of fireproofing systems is generally considered superior to explosion incidents compared to water spray piping systems. The typical application of water sprays in place of fireproofing is for vessel protection. 

A common method to slip-cast ceramic membranes is to start with a colloidal suspension or polymeric solution as described in the previous section. This is called a slip . The porous support system is dipped in the slip and the dispersion medium (in most cases water or alcohol-water mixtures) is forced into the pores of the support by a pressure drop (APJ created by capillary action of the microporous support. At the interface the solid particles are retained and concentrated at the entrance of pores to form a gel layer as in the case of sol-gel processes. It is important that formation of the gel layer starts... 

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