Supercritical fluid technologies properties

In general, the properties of supercritical fluids make them interesting media in which to conduct chemical reactions. A supercritical fluid can be defined as a substance or mixture at conditions which exceed the critical temperature (Tc) and critical pressure (Pc). One of the primary advantages of employing a supercritical fluid as the continuous phase lies in the ability to manipulate the solvent strength (dielectric constant) simply by varying the temperature and pressure of the system. Additionally, supercritical fluids have properties which are intermediate between those of a liquid and those of a gas. As an illustration, a supercritical fluid can have liquid-like density and simultaneously possess gas-like viscosity. For more information, the reader is referred to several books which have been published on supercritical fluid science and technology [1-4],... 

Vesovic, V. and Wakeham, W. A., Trairsport Properties of Supercritical Fluids and Fluid Mixtures, Supercritical Fluid Technology Reviews in Modem Theory and Applications, CRC Press, Boston (1991)... 

Bunker, C.E. Rollins, H.W. Sun, Y.-P. Fundamental Properties of Supercritical Fluids. In Supercritical Fluid Technology in Materials Science and Engineering Sun, Y.-P., Ed. Marcel Dekker New York, 2002 1-57. 

A variety of chemical and biological reactions involving supercritical fluid technology are being explored and developed. They include polymerization reactions, biomass conversion, hydrogen production, applications of supercritical water oxidation, self-assembly applications, synthesis of specialty chemicals, manufacture of materials with tailored properties, and much more. These developments and new ones are expected to mature and be commercially deployed in years to come. 

An exhaustive search for new propellants was made at the time of the switch away from CFCs, and it is unlikely that new ones will be found with the necessary physicochemical properties combined with an excellent safety profile. New surfactants are possible, but there is the major cost hurdle of drug toxicity studies to NCE standards. Particle engineering may provide benefits, e.g., production by supercritical fluid technology. 

A number of interesting properties are associated with the critical state. One of these is that the density of the liquid and of the vapor becomes identical, and for this reason the interface between the two phases disappears. Supercritical fluid technology is a relatively new approach to obtain micro- and nanoparticles. For pharmaceutical applications, supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) is most widely used because of its low and easily accessible critical temperature and pressure (31.2 °C ... 

Sun Y-P (ed) (2002) Supercritical fluid technology in materials science and engineering syntheses, properties, and applications. Marcel Dekker, New York Sun SF (2004) Physical chemistry of macromolecules - basic principles and issues. Wiley, New York... 

In 2010 and 2012 All-Russian School-Conference of Young Scientists Supercritical Fluid Technologies in the Decision of Environmental Problems. Plants Biomass Extraction was held on the base of North (Arctic) Federal University. Taking into account the major local directions of scientific work, the scope of the School-Conference included sueh issues as the properties of supercritieal fluids, ScF extraction of plant biomass, chemical and biological processes in ScF media, ScF chromatography in analysis and separation of natural extracts. 

Source From Fundamental properties of supercritical fluids, in Supercritical Fluid Technology in Materials Science and EngineeringP ... 

Amorphous Solid Dispersion Using Supercritical Fluid Technology Table 19.2 Relative differences in the solvent properties of different states of fluid... 

Pioro, I., 2014. Application of supercritical pressures in power engineering specifics of thermophysical properties and forced-convective heat transfer. In Anikeev, V., Fan, M. (Eds.), Supercritical Fluid Technology for Energy and Environmental Applications. Elsevier, pp. 201-233. 

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