Sunflower embryo

The sunflower embryo is a convenient system for the comparative analysis of gene expression in development. 

DPA-GS is a major metabolite of ABA in, among others, soybean seeds [96], tomato plants [97], and sunflower embryos [98]. Suspension cultures of maize cells [99] and of somatic embryos of white spruce [100] convert ABA almost quantitatively to PA. ABA-GS is present in tomato plants [101]. 

S),25-epiminolanosterol (116) was a potent noncompetitive inhibitor (Kj = 3.0 nM) of the 5-adenosyl-L-methi(Miine-C-24 Me transferase from sunflower embryos [127]. Cholesteryl ester of l-aziridine acetic acid (117) showed excellent inhibition of a dimethyl-benzanthrene induced and transplantable mammary adenocarcinoma [128]. 

Espinasse, A. and Lay, C., Shoot regeneration of callus derived from globular to torpedo embryos from 59 sunflower genotypes, Crop Sci., 29, 201-205, 1989. 

Finer, J.J., Direct somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from immature embryos of hybrid sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.) on a high sucrose-containing medium, Plant Cell Rep., 6, 372-374, 1987. 

Espinasse, A., Lay, C., and Volin, J., Effects of growth regulator concentrations and explant size on shoot organogenesis from the callus derived from zygotic embryos on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult., 17, 171-181, 1989. 

Freyssinet, M. and Freyssinet, G., Fertile plant regeneration from sunflower (Helianthus tuberosush.) immature embryos, Plant Sci., 56, 177-181, 1988. 

Pelissier, B., Bouchefra, O., Pepin, R., and Freyssinet, G., Production of isolated somatic embryos from sunflower thin cell layers, Plant Cell Rep., 9, 47-50, 1990. 

Wilcox, A.W., McCann, A., Cooley, G., and Van Dresser, J., A system for routine plantlet regeneration of sunflower from immature embryo-derived callus, Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult., 14, 103-110, 1989. 

On the other hand, Baldini et al. (2002) hypothesized that water stress caused accelerated and earlier embryo development and lipid accumulation. This therefore caused a shorter duration of all enzymatic activities, including those of ODS and this could reflect on the final fatty acid composition. Both oleic and linoleic acid concentrations of the oil of cultivated sunflower were significantly related to total solar radiation and day length (Seiler, 1983). A positive association between intercepted solar radiation and oleic acid percentage has been reported for sunflower (Seiler, 1986 Echarte et al., 2010) and soybean oil (Kane et al., 1997). 

Sunflower Anther culture Callus, embryos Haploid Curel (1 991 a, 1 991 b), Thengane et al. (1 994) Saji and Sujatha (1 998), Mix (1 985) Caswell and Ferrie, (unpublished)... 

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