Sunfish

The mode of action has not yet been elucidated but the manufacturer states that it probably behaves like the herbicide triflurolin and its congeners. These materials inhibit cell division by binding to tubuHn thereby internipting micro-tubule development. This, in turn, stops spindle fiber formation essential to mitosis and cell division. Experiments with C-labeled Prime+ show that it is acutely toxic to fish with estimated LC q (96 h) of less than 100 ppb for rainbow trout and bluegiU. sunfish. However, channel catfish did not exhibit any toxic response at the maximum attainable water concentration (10). 

Poly(vinyl alcohol) has a low oral toxicity rating. The oral LD q is higher than 10,000 mg/kg (rats). Concentrations of up to 10,000 mg/L in water were tested for toxicity to bluegik sunfish. No mortaUty or response indicative of intoxication was observed (283). 

Benke GM, Cheever KL, Mirer FE, et al. 1974. Comparative toxicity, anticholinesterase action and metabolism of methyl parathion and parathion in sunfish and mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 28 97-109. 

Experimentally measured bioconcentration factors (BCFs), which provide an indication of the tendency of a chemical to partition to the fatty tissue of organisms, have been found to range between 10 and 100 for trichloroethylene in fish (Kawasaki 1980 Kenaga 1980 Neely et al. 1974 Veith et al. 1980). Barrows et al. (1980) estimated a value of 17 for bluegill sunfish. Somewhat lower BCFs were determined by Saisho et al. (1994) for blue mussel (4.52) and killifish (2.71). These numbers are suggestive of a low tendency to bioaccumulate. 

Barrows ME, Petrocelli SR, Macek KJ, et al. 1980. Bioconcentration and elimination of selected water pollutants by bluegill sunfish Lepomis macrochirus). In Haque R, ed. Dynamics, exposure and hazard assessment of toxic chemicals. Ann Arbor, MI Ann Arbor Science, 379-392. 

Cruz SM, MN Scott, AK Merritt (1993) Metabolism of fCjmetolachlor in blueguill sunfish. J Agric Food Chem 41 662-668. 

Prey fish are here defined as small, usually short-lived, finfish. In North American fresh waters, many are members of the cyprinid (minnow), percid (perch), and centrarchid (sunfish) families. Prey fish are widely distributed, common, and important in the transfer of MeHg to higher trophic levels, such as piscivorous fish and many fish-eating birds. MeHg concentrations in prey fish of uniform age are less... 

Barrows et al. (1978) measured a steady- state bioconcentration factor (BCF) of 48 in bluegill sunfish. Based on the relative proportion of fat in sunfish and other organisms, EPA (1980a) estimated a average BCF of about 30 for the edible portions of freshwater and marine species. 

Spacie, A., Landrum, R.F., Leversee, G.J. (1983) Uptake, depuration and biotransformation of anthracene and benzo-o-pyrene in bluegill sunfish. Ecotox. Environ. Saf. 7, 330-341. 

Babich and Borenfreund135 compared in vitro cytotoxicities of inorganic lead and tri- and dialkyllead compounds in fish cells (bluegill sunfish, Lepomis macrochiru). 

Longear sunfish Missouri summer 1980 stream contaminated with mine tailings vs. reference site ... 

Wren, C.D. and H.R. Mac Crimmon. 1983. Mercury levels in the sunfish, Icpomis gibbosus, relative to pH and other environmental variables of precambrian shield lakes. Canad Jour. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 40 1737-1744. 

Davey, R.B., M.V. Meisch, and F.L. Carter. 1976. Toxicity of five ricefield pesticides to the mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis, and green sunfish, Lepomis cyanellus, under laboratory and field conditions. Environ. Entomol. 5 1053-1056. 

All caged green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus) died (Linn 1968)... 

Dutta, H.M., N. Qadri, J. Ojha, N.K. Singh, S. Adhikari, J.S.D. Munshi, and P.K. Ray. 1997. Effect of diazinon on macrophages of bluegill sunfish, Lepomis macrochirus a cytochemical evaluation. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 58 135-141. 

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