Sulfur program

Nontarget Effects. The shift from sulfur dusting to Bayleton spraying in California appears to be associated with an increase in predatory mite populations, which were uncommon in vineyards on sulfur programs (personal communication). On the other hand, pestiferous Erineum mites and thrips appear to increase where sulfur usage has been reduced, although a clear cause and effect relationship has not been established. 

In 1972, the Agency for International Development (AID) cooperated with the Sulphur Institute to prepare a program to evaluate the feasibihty of using the sulfur surface-bond technique in developing countries. Afterwards AID awarded a contract to Southwest Research Institute to constmct houses in South America and Africa using this technique. Under the contract, about 60 houses have been completed (62). 

J. D. Benson and co-workers. Effects of Gasoline Sulfur on Mass Exhaust Emissions—-Autoj Oil Air Quality Improvement Research Program, SAE 912323, Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, Pa., 1991. 

Projects in the CCT program demonstrated innovative applications for both wet and dry or seniidry FGD systems. The wet FGD systems, which use limestone as an absorber, have met or exceeded the 90 percent SO, removal efficiency required to meet air quality standards when burning high-sulfur coal. The di"y or semidry systems use lime and recycled fly ash as a sorbent to achieve the required removal. 

Public concerns about air quality led to the passage of the Clean Air Act in 1970 to amendments to that act in 1977 and 1990. The 1990 amendments contained seven separate titles covering different regula-toiy programs and include requirements to install more advanced pollution control equipment and make other changes in industrial operations to reduce emissions of air pollutants. The 1990 amendments address sulfur dioxide emissions and acid rain deposition, nitrous oxide emissions, ground-level ozone, carbon monoxide emissions, particulate emissions, tail pipe emissions, evaporative emissions, reformulated gasoline, clean-fueled vehicles and fleets, hazardous air pollutants, solid waste incineration, and accidental chemical releases. 

Following is a list of other pertinent refs which are currently classified as limited distribution 1) D.C. Coop et al, Modernization Program for Nitric and Sulfuric Acid Manufacture and Concentration at Alabama Army Ammunition Plant , Rapt No 8-67, Contract DAAA21-67-C-0864, C and 1 Girdler Inc, Louisville (1967) 2)E. Banik et al, A Study on... 

Hydrochloric acid/stannous chloride. Modifications of the standard HC1 cleaning program to aid control corrosion of exposed steel include the addition of HF, as discussed earlier, but also stannous chloride. Where the cleaning program is likely to remove considerable volumes of rust and magnetite, even in the presence of a nitrogen- and sulfur-based proprietary corrosion inhibitor, rapid corrosion of exposed steel may develop. This is because the ferric ions (Fe3+) released from ferric oxide act to reduce the exposed steel to ferrous ions (Fe2+). 

Precipitation over North America gradually becomes more acidic from west to east, especially in industrialized areas of the Northeast. This acid rain may be a result of the release of nitrogen and sulfur oxides into the atmosphere. The colors and numbers (see key) indicate pH measured at field laboratories in 2004. Data from National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network http //nadp.sws.uiuc.edu. 

Irving, P. Ed. Acidic deposition State of science and technology. National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program, Washington, DC, 1990. Clark, T.L., Denise, R.L., Seilhop, S.K., Voldner, E.C., Olson, M.P., and Alvo, M. International sulfur desposition model evaluation. Atmospheric Environment Service, Publication No. ARD-87-1, 1987, Downsview, Ontario, Canada. 

In Mexico City, several air quality parameters are measured continuously by an Automated Monitoring Network operated by the Under Secretariat of Ecology. Carbon monoxide, particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, and ozone are the contaminants exceeding Air Quality Standards. Emissions produced by 2.7 million vehicles and 35,000 commercial and industrial outfits are not easily dispersed in a Valley located at 2240 m and surrounded by two mountain chains which hinder air circulation. An Integral Program, recently established to alleviate pollution, is briefly described. 

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