Sulfur filler

Cement, lime, limestone filler and filler from other rocks, such as a mixture of diabase and dolomite, as well as sulfur filler, were used in the past (Fiber and Pichler 1993). A substantial effect on the permanent deformation behaviour was seen only with the use of sulfur (Denning and Carswell 1981b Fromm and Kennepohl 1979). 

Filler for cracks and fissures, particularly in highways. Mixtures of bitumen, heavy oils, polymer or sulfur are used. 

The remaining tailings left over from the clay fractionation step is either flocculated with alum, high molecular weight polymers, or a weak (pH 3.0) solution of sulfuric acid, and stored in settling ponds as waste, or may be filtered and sold to the brick industry as a coating material. It also may be dried and sold as a filler in plastics and textured paint (qv). 

Organofunctional silanes are used to promote polymer-to-filler bonding with clay or siHca fillers. Vinyl silanes are used in peroxide-cured wire insulation to promote stronger bonding with calcined clay fillers. Mercapto silanes are used to treat kaolin clay in sulfur-cured compounds. 

Fillers. Materials used as fillers (qv) in mbber can also be classified as acidic, basic, or neutral. Furnace blacks, ie, HAF, FEF, or SRF, are somewhat basic. As such, they can have an activating effect on sulfur cure rates. Furthermore, carbon blacks have been found to promote formation of mono/disulfide cross-links thereby helping minimize reversion and enhance aging properties. 

Recipe, in parts by wt smoked sheets, 100.00 zinc oxide, 5.00 filler, as indicated nondiscoloring antioxidant, 1.00 MBTS, 1.00 TMTD, 0.10 sulfur, 2.75 stearic acid, 3.00. 

A variety of materials has been proposed to modify the properties of asphaltic binders to enhance the properties of the mix (112), including fillers and fibers to reinforce the asphalt—aggregate mixture (114), sulfur to strengthen or harden the binder (115,116), polymers (98,117—121), mbber (122), epoxy—resin composites (123), antistripping agents (124), metal complexes (125,126), and lime (127,128). AH of these additives serve to improve the properties of the binder and, ultimately, the properties of the asphalt—aggregate mix. 

Low sulfur and ash levels are required for high GTE, isotropic cokes used for carbon and graphite specialty products. Highly isotropic cokes are also the filler materials for producing graphite for nuclear reactors. The purity, particularly the boron content, is critical in this appHcation. Properties of typical needle and isotropic (regular) cokes are summarized in Table 1. 

Filler metal is required to conform with the requirements of Sec. IX. Backing rings (of ferrous material), when used, shall be of weldable qiiahty with sulfur hmited to 0.05 percent. Backing rings of non-ferroiis and nonmetaUic materials may be used provided they are proved satisfactory by procediire-qnaJification tests and provided their use has been approved by the designer. 

Sulfur mortars (mixture of sulfur and inert fillers with small amounts of organic plasticizers) are used for shrinkage mitigation and for eliminating thermal shocks for temperatures up to 80°C. These mortars have poor resistance to alkalis and nonpolar organic solvents. 

The dilute sulfuric acid obtained as a coupled product in stoichiometric ratios is used in the fertilizer industry. Formerly it was neutralized to sodium sulfate, but this practice is now of minor interest since fillers have been withdrawn from most detergent formulations. 

Making paper without pollution requires that each part of the process be nonpolluting. The chemicals most commonly used in the production of pulp are NaOH and Na2 S. In modem paper mills, sulfur-containing by-products are scmbbed from the plant exhaust, and the aqueous sodium hydroxide is reclaimed and recycled. The fillers used to make paper opaque—titanium dioxide, calcium carbonate, and kaolin (a clay)—are natural, nonpolluting minerals. The polymer binders and sizers are relatively easy to recapture from the aqueous waste stream. 

---