Sulfides from aromatic hydrocarbons

Catalytic hydrogenation over Raney nickel converted benzenesulfonates of both alcohols and phenols to parent hydroxy compounds, benzene and nickel sulfide. p-Toluenesulfonates of alcohols are reduced similarly while p-tolu-enesulfonates of phenols gave nickel p-toluenesulfinates and aromatic hydrocarbons. The yields of the hydroxy compounds range from 25 to 96% [698]. 

The actions of photoexcited semiconductor particles on organic compounds under oxygen is of significant importance from both practical and basic aspects. Semiconductors like titanium dioxide and cadmium sulfide were shown to induce oxidation of olefins and aromatic hydrocarbons under oxygen, and also to sensitize isomerization of unsaturated systems. The mechanisms of these reactions are discussed. 

Organic chemicals that are susceptible to oxidation and are of concern from the perspective of contamination and environmental degradation include aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones phenols, polyphenols, and hydroquinones sulfides (thiols) and sulfoxides nitriles, amines, and diamines nitrogen and sulfur heterocyclic compounds mono- and di-halogenated aliphatics linear alkybenzene-sulfonate and nonylphenol polyethoxylate surfactants and thiophosphate esters. Table... 

The applications of ruthenium tetroxide range from the common types of oxidations, such as those of alkenes, alcohols, and aldehydes to carboxylic acids [701, 774, 939, 940] of secondary alcohols to ketones [701, 940, 941] of aldehydes to acids (in poor yields) [940] of aromatic hydrocarbons to quinones [942, 943] or acids [701, 774, 941] and of sulfides to sulfoxides and sulfones [942], to specific ones like the oxidation of acetylenes to vicinal dicarbonyl compounds [9JS], of ethers to esters [940], of cyclic imines to lactams [944], and of lactams to imides [940]. 

Cziczo DJ, Thomson DS, Murphy DM (2001) Ablation, flux, and atmospheric implications of meteors inferred from stratospheric aerosol. Science 291 1772-1775 Dachs J, Eisemeich SJ (2000) Adsorption onto aerosol soot carbon dominates gas-particle partitioning of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Environ Sci Technol 34 3690-3697 Dalleska NF, Colussi AJ, Hyldahl AM, Hoffmaim MR (2000) Rates and mechanism of carbonyl sulfide oxidation by peroxides in concentrated sulfuric acid. J Phys Chem A 104 10794-10796 D Almeida GA, Schitz L (1983) Number, mass, and volume distributions of mineral aerosol and soils of the Sahara. J Clim Appl Meteorol 22 233-243... 

Thioethers (sulfides)319 can be converted to their a-carbanion derivative (296, M = Li, Na, K) by treatment with strong bases such as -butyllithium, sodium amide (NaNH2) or potassium amide (KNH2). The hydrogen atom a-to the sulfur atom of sulfides is a weaker acid than that a-to a carbonyl, nitrile or nitro group and stronger bases are required for deprotonation. Sulfides are stronger acids, than the allylic, vinyl, and aromatic hydrocarbons discussed above, however. The various oxides of sulfur can also be converted to a-carbanions. The most important derivatives are the a-carbanions derived from sulfoxides (297). sulfones (298), and... 

Description The optimum feed is the mid-fraction of FCC gasoline from 70°C-150°C. This material is fed to the GT-BTX PluS unit, which extracts the sulfur and aromatics from the hydrocarbon stream. The sulfur-plus aromatic components are processed in a conventional hydrotreater to convert the sulfur into hydrogen sulfide (H S). Because the portion of gasoline being hydrotreated is reduced in volume and free of olefins, hydrogen consumption and operating costs are greatly reduced. 

Bis(l,5-cyclooctanediylboryl)sulfide is a white crystalline solid, which melts at 104-105° without decomposition and can be sublimed in vacuo (0.001 torr, bath 85-110°). The compound must be stored with strict exclusion of moisture and air. The sulfide is very soluble in aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene or mesitylene and can be crystallized from heptane at very low temperatures. 

Residual fuel oil is a complex blend of hydrocarbons derived from various refinery streams, usually residue, and can contain hydrogen sulfide and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Typical streams include atmospheric tower bottoms and vacuum tower bottoms. Fuel oil is used in many countries... 

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