Carbonyl sulfide oxidation

Cziczo DJ, Thomson DS, Murphy DM (2001) Ablation, flux, and atmospheric implications of meteors inferred from stratospheric aerosol. Science 291 1772-1775 Dachs J, Eisemeich SJ (2000) Adsorption onto aerosol soot carbon dominates gas-particle partitioning of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Environ Sci Technol 34 3690-3697 Dalleska NF, Colussi AJ, Hyldahl AM, Hoffmaim MR (2000) Rates and mechanism of carbonyl sulfide oxidation by peroxides in concentrated sulfuric acid. J Phys Chem A 104 10794-10796 D Almeida GA, Schitz L (1983) Number, mass, and volume distributions of mineral aerosol and soils of the Sahara. J Clim Appl Meteorol 22 233-243... 

Numerous diamines and aromatic dianhydrides have been investigated. WhoUy aromatic Pis have been stmctiirally modified by incorporating various functional groups, such as ether, carbonyl, sulfide, sulfone, methylene, isopropjlidene, perfluoroisopropyUdene, bipyridyls, sdoxane, methyl phosphine oxide, or various combinations of these, into the polymer backbone to achieve improved properties. The chemistry and apphcations of Pis have been described in several review articles (4). 

The flash point of PPS, as measured by ASTM D1929, is greater than 500°C. Combustion products of PPS include carbon, sulfur oxides, and carbonyl sulfide. Specific hazards are defined by the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (158). Based on information in 1995, PPS does not meet any of the hazard definitions of this standard. 

The highly ionic thaHic nitrate, which is soluble in alcohols, ethers, and carboxyhc acids, is also a very useful synthetic reagent. Oxidation of olefins, a,P-unsaturated carbonyl compounds, P-carbonyl sulfides, and a-nitrato ketones can aH be conveniently carried out in good yields (31,34—36). 

If sulfur is present, another iadustrially important compound results, 2-mercaptoben2othia2ole (2-ben2othia2olethiol [149-30-4]). Carbonyl sulfide is a coproduct of many carbon disulfide oxidation reactions. Some examples are... 

Due to the presence of hydrocarbons in the gas feed to the burner section, some undesirable reactions occur, such as the formation of carbon disulfide (CS2) and carbonyl sulfide (COS). A good catalyst has a high activity toward H2S conversion to sulfur and a reconversion of COS and CS2 to sulfur and carbon oxides. Mercaptans in the acid gas feed results in an increase in the air demand. For example, approximately 5-13% increase in the air required is anticipated if about 2 mol% mercaptans are present. The increase in the air requirement is essentially a function of the type of mercaptans present. The oxidation of mercaptans could be represented as ... 

The genus Thiobacillus, especially the species T. denitrificans catalyzed the oxidation reactions of hydrogen sulfide yielding soluble hydrosulfide compounds, elemental sulfur, and sulfuric acid. Carbonyl sulfide and carbon disulfide are converted to hydrogen sulfide by hydrolysis. Additionally, they are oxidized to SOx and sulfates via microbial action. The reported oxidation reactions of thiosulfate using nitrate as electron acceptor are ... 

Fries rearrangement, 18 336, 337 isomerization and transalkylation of alky-laromatics, 18 329 epoxide transformations, 18 351-352 hydration and ammonolysis of ethylene oxide, 18 351, 352 isomerization, 18 351 framework composition, 33 226-228 hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, and related reactions, 18 360-365 dehydrocyclization of s-ethylphenyl using zeolites and carbonyl sulfide, 18 364, 365... 

In summary, refinery process gas, in addition to hydrocarbons, may contain other contaminants, such as carbon oxides (CO , where x = 1 and/or 2) and sulfur oxides (SO, where x = 2 and/or 3) as well as ammonia (NH3), mercaptans (R-SH), and carbonyl sulfide (COS). 

Burns with a blue flame releasing carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide (Windholz et al, 1983). Oxidizes in the troposphere forming carbonyl sulfide. The atmospheric half-lives of carbon disulfide and carbonyl sulfide were estimated to be approximately 2 yr and 12 d, respectively (Khalil and Rasmussen, 1984). 

Adewuyi, Y.G. and Carmichael, G.R. Kinetics of hydrolysis and oxidation of carbon disulfide by hydrogen peroxide in alkaline medium and application to carbonyl sulfide, Environ. Sci. Technol, 21(2) 170-177, 1987. 

Biogenic processes, however, emit reduced forms of sulfur, including dimethyl sulfide and hydrogen sulfide, with lesser amounts of carbon disulfide (CS2), dimethyl disulfide (CH3SSCH3), carbonyl sulfide (COS), and methyl mercaptan (Cl I3SH). These reduced sulfur compounds are then oxidized in the atmosphere as described in detail in Chapter 8.E. 

Barnes, I., K. H. Becker, and I. Patroescu, The Tropospheric Oxidation of Dimethyl Sulfide A New Source of Carbonyl Sulfide, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 2389-2392 (1994b). 

The generally acidic materials in this group may function as oxidants, some rather powerful, under appropriate conditions. Individually indexed compounds are Arsenic pentaoxide, 0106 Arsenic trioxide, 0105 Boron trioxide, 0170 Carbon dioxide, 0554 f Carbon monoxide, 0552 f Carbonyl sulfide, 0553 Deuterium oxide, 4285 Diboron oxide, 0169 Dinitrogen oxide, 4739 Dinitrogen pentaoxide, 4743 Dinitrogen tetraoxide, 4720 Dinitrogen trioxide, 4741... 

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