Soot aerosol

Britton, L. G., and A. G. Clarke, Heterogeneous Reactions of Sulfur Dioxide and S02/N02 Mixtures with a Carbon Soot Aerosol, Atmos. Environ, 14, 829-839 (1980). 

Pueschel, R. F., D. F. Blake, K. G. Snetsinger, A. D. A. Hansen, S. Verma, and K. Kato, Black Carbon (Soot) Aerosol in the Lower Stratosphere and Upper Troposphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 1659-1662 (1992a). 

Haywood, J. M., and K. P. Shine, The Effect of Anthropogenic Sulfate and Soot Aerosol on the Clear Sky Planetary Radiation Budget, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 603-606 (1995). 

Poschl, U., Letzel, T., et al. (2001) Interaction of ozone and water vapor with spark discharge soot aerosol particles coated with benzo[a]pyrene and H2O adsorption, benzo[a]pyrene degrada-... 

The natural mechanisms of atmospheric aerosol generation are as follows soil-wind erosion, ejections to the atmosphere of salt particles from sea and ocean surfaces, emission of gases and vapors by photo-synthesizing plants and by decay products, ejections of the products (soot aerosol, first of all) of natural fires of forests, steppes, peat bogs, and also volcanic eruptions. 

Table 1 - The Dependence of Averaged Optical Characteristics of the Soot Aerosol on the Percentage of Ammonium Sulfate in It [24].

Disselkamp RS, Carpenter MA, Cowin JP (2000a) A chamber investigation of nitric acid-soot aerosol chemistiy at 298 K. J Atmos Chem 37 113-123... 

Disselkamp RS, Carpenter MA, Cowin JP, Berkowitz CM, Chapman EG, Zaveri RA, Laulainen NS (2000b) Ozone loss in soot aerosols. J Geophys Res 105 9767-9771 Dixon JB, Weed SB (eds) (1989) Minerals in Soil Enviromnents. Madison, Wisconsin Soil Science Society of America... 

Jefferson DA (2000) The surface activity of ultrafine particles. Phil Trans Roy Soc Lond A 358 2683-2692 Jose-Yacamai M (1998) The role of nanosized particles. A frontier in modem materials science, from nanoelectronics to environmental problems. Metall Mater Trans A 29 713-725 Kalberer M, Ammann M, Arens F, Gaggeler HW, Baltensperger U (1999) Heterogeneous formation of nitrous acid (HONO) on soot aerosol particles. J Geophys Res 104 13825-13832 Kamm S, Mohler O, Naumann KH, Saathoff H, Schurath U (1999) The heterogeneous reaction of ozone with soot aerosol. Atmos Environ 33 4651-4661... 

Sorensen, C.M., Light scattering from fractal aggregates. A review. Aerosol Sci. Tech., 35, 241, 2001. Cai, J., Ln, N., and Sorensen, C.M., Analysis of fractal clnster morphology parameters stmctnral coefficient and density antocorrelation function cutoff, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 171, 470, 1995. Sorensen, C.M. and Feke, G.D., The morphology of macroscopic soot. Aerosol Sci. Tech., 25, 328, 1996. 

AIDA chamber, Ice nucleation. Polar stratospheric clouds. Soot aerosol, IR spectroscopy Introduction... 

Ice particle measurements in the expansion experiment with 40% OC soot aerosol markedly differ from the 16% OC sample. Note that the optical particle spectrometer hardly detects any ice particles. Additionally, extinction signatures of ice are barely visible in the infrared spectra and diere is only a weak intensity increase of the back-scattered laser light in course of the expansion. The number concentration of ice crystals is less than 10 cm, thus < 1% of the seed aerosol particles act as deposition ice nuclei. In contrast to the 16% OC experiment, no precise critical ice saturation ratio can be specified for the 40% OC soot sample. RHi continues to increase to 190% because very little water vapour is lost on the small surface area of the scarce ice crystals. In summary, die comparison of the two expansion experiments provides first evidence that a higher fraction of organic carbon notably suppresses the ice nucleation potential of flame soot particles. 

Figure 6- Measured time profiles of pressure, gas temperature, relative humidity with respect to ice, back-scattered laser light intensity, as well as ice particle number concentration for two expansion cooling experiments with different flame soot aerosol samples from the CAST burner as seed aerosol (Mdhler et al, 2004b). See text for details.

Kamm, S., O. Mohler, K.H. Naumaim, H. Saathoff and U. Sehurath The heterogeneous reaction of ozone with soot aerosol, ylrmos. Env. 33 (1999) 4651-4661. 

Mohler, O., S. Biittner, C. Linke, M. Schnaiter, H. Saathoff, O. Stetzer, R. Wagner, M. Kramer, A. Mangold, V. Ebert and U. Sehurath Effect of Sulphuric Acid Coating on Heterogeneous Ice Nueleation by Soot Aerosol Particles, J. Geophys. Res. (Atmos.) (2004a) submitted. 

SaathofF, H., K.H. Naumann, N. Riemer, S. Kamm, O. Mohler, U. Schurath, H. Vogel and B. Vogel The loss of NO2, HNO3, NO3/N2O5, and HO2/HOONO2 on soot aerosol A chamber and modeling study, Geophys. Res. Lett. 28 (2001) 1957-1960. 

One of the proposed theories applied successfully to the formation of gas-phase carbon from benzene is the droplet condensation mechanism. This "condensation theory", revised recently by Lahaye et al. (2), explains the formation of soot aerosols during benzene pyrolysis. The authors obtained an excellent agreement between the theory and experimental results. 

Graham, S. C., Homer, J. B., and Rosenfeld, J. L. J. (1975) The formation and coagulation of soot aerosols generated in pyrolysis of aromatic hydrocarbons, Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. A344, 259-285. 

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