Free sugars

Anticariogenicity. Sugar alcohols are not fermented to release acids that may cause tooth decay by the oral bacteria which metabolize sugars and starches (208). As a result, use of sugar alcohols in sugar-free chewing gum, pressed mints, confections, and toothpaste has been widely accepted. 

Xyfitol is approved, according to 21 CFR 172.395, for special dietary uses at levels not greater than that required to produce its intended effect. Xyfitol is used in sugar-free chewing gum to provide sweetness, softness and a cooling effect. 

If a dry mouth should occur, take frequent sips of water, allow ice chips to dissolve in the mouth, or chew (sugar-free) gum. 

Some laxatives (e.g., bulk-forming agents) contain significant amounts of sodium or sugar and may be unsuitable for salt-restricted or diabetic patients. When low-sodium or sugar-free products are not used, monitor serum concentrations of sodium and glucose as needed with chronic use. 

Because of the high incidence of lactose intolerance in the general population, lactose is not recommended as a sweetener for pediatric populations [70]. Aspartame, a phenylalanine derivative, is incorporated in many chewable tablets and sugar-free dosage forms. Aspartame-containing products should be avoided in children with autosomal recessive phenylketonuria [54]. 

L. Shaw and H. Glenwright, The role of medications in dental caries formation Need for sugar-free medication for children, Pediatrician, 16, 153 (1989). 

Producers of cakes, biscuits and pastries are in a less easy position. While bread is a staple food containing complex carbohydrates and is essentially sugar free and low in fat, cakes, biscuits and pastries contain quantities of sugar and fat. They are also regarded as non-essential foods. 

It is possible to make biscuits where the sugars have been replaced by sugar-free bulk sweeteners. Isomalt is particularly successful as a sucrose replacer in this application. 

Another trend that is likely to affect the bakery business is the move to healthier food. This could lead to an increase in products based on wholemeal flour as well as products based on sugar replacers rather than sugar. Special sugar-free bakery products are currently made particularly for the benefit of diabetics. 

Table 10.3 Approved use levels for intense sweeteners in some categories of sugar-free or calorie-reduced products in the European Union (values in mg/kg or mg/1)... 

The anthocyanins are glucosides of polyhydric phenols and phenol ethers having OH and phenyl as substituents in the pyran ring. These glucosides can be regarded as derived from three types of sugar-free anthocyanidins. 

If you cannot brush your teeth after a sweet snack, try chewing sugar-free gum. Chewing gum stimulates the production of saliva, which is usually weakly alkaline. The saliva helps to neutralize acids on your teeth. Eating cheese for dessert also helps to neutralize acid, because cheese is basic. 

The linctus is sugar free so that it is sufficiently non-viscous to be measured with a pipette rather than weighed. An aliquot of the linctus (5 ml) is made basic by addition of 1 ml of 10 M ammonia solution. The aqueous layer is extracted with... 

In pharmaceutical applications, sorbitol is used as a tablet diluent in wet granulation or dry compression formulations. It is commonly used in chewable tablets because of its sweet taste, and it is also used as a plasticizer for gelatin in capsule formulations. Sorbitol is utilized in sugar-free liquid preparations and as a stabilizer for drug, vitamin, and antacid suspensions. When it is used in syrups, crystallization around bottle caps is prevented. 

Syrup 2 mg/5 ml (Aller-Chlor, DiabeticTussinAllergy Relief (sugar free]). 

Kozai, T., Koyama, Y, Watanabe, I. (1988). Multiplication of potato plantlets in vitro with sugar free medium under higher photosynthetie photon flux. Acta Hort., 230, 121-127. 

In the course of clinical treatment with methadone, certain situations relating to adverse effects are characteristic. Nausea is a general opiate effect, but complaints most frequently relate to the methadone mixture. This preparation does have a syrupy consistency, but the problem for clinicians is that the alternatives - sugar-free mixture or methadone tablets - are both more injectable, and therefore requests or implied requirements for these are often manipulative. So are requests for the antiemetic cyclizine tablets, which are crushed and injected by drug misusers along with injected methadone. As indicated in Chapter 4, thankfully these particular claims have become less common now that guidelines are much more discouraging of any use of methadone tablets. 

Dry mouth is the most common autonomic adverse effect, and patients should be alerted to its possible occurrence. Profuse sweating, especially at night, can also occur, but the precise mechanism is unknown. There is an increased risk of dental caries as a result of the loss of the bacteriostatic effects of saliva. This problem is further compounded when patients attempt to relieve dry mouth by ingesting hard candy or soft drinks therefore, sugar-free substances should be recommended. 

The Westvaco Polychemicals Group produces and markets a wide variety of lignochemicals derived from a sugar-free kraft lignin source. Both non-sulfonated and sulfonated derivatives are manufactured in Charleston, South Carolina, USA. 

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