Sucrose ester

Sucrose derivatives Sucrose 6,6y-dithiol Sucrose 6,6y-episulfide Sucrose esters... 

Sucrose Esters. These newer emulsifiers, approved for direct addition in the United States in 1983 (35), ate formed when sucrose is combined with various fatty acids and the resulting emulsion is dehydrated. These additives are odorless and tasteless, and can withstand the retort process. They are used in products when standards of identity do not preclude their use, such as baked goods, baking mixes, dairy product analogues, fto2en dairy desserts and mixes, and whipped milk products (39). High price has limited use in the United States, but these compounds ate used extensively in Japan as emulsifiers in baked goods (40). 

Sucrose reacts with fatty acids to produce esters with degrees of esterification (DE) from 1 to 8 and hydrophi1 ic /Iipophi1 ic balances that provide them with numerous appHcations. Primary producers are Japan and the Netherlands, with total production at 6000 t/yr. Sucrose esters are nontoxic and biodegradable, and are approved for use in the EC, Japan, and the United States. 

Garti, N., Aserin, A., and Fanun, M., Non-ionic sucrose esters microemulsions for food applications. Part 1. Water solubilization. Colloid Surface A, 164, 27, 2000. 

One advantage of sucrose esters is that they can be made with a wider range of HLB values than other emulsifiers (Figure 3). Chemically, the families of emulsifiers shown in Figure 3 are all esters. As an emulsifier... 

The practical effect of this very wide HLB range is that sucrose esters can be used in a very wide range of confectionery products. Notably, it is not necessarily the same sucrose ester (Table 6). Sucrose esters are stable up to 180°C. 

The transesterification of sucrose has been performed with a fatty acid ester of a volatile alcohol in the presence of an alkaline catalyst in a dipolar, aprotic solvent.142 The reaction of sucrose (293 mmoles) with methyl dodecanoate (293 mmoles) in A/,N-dimethylformamide in the presence of sodium methoxide in a pressure bomb for 8 h at 130° gave, after solvent extraction and crystallization, sucrose mono(dodecanoate) (m.p. 72-80° [a]D+52°) in 50% yield.142 Commercialization of these sucrose esters has so far been limited, in part because of the use of expensive solvents, and, in part, because solvent remaining in the product makes it unsuitable for use as a food emulsifier. In view of this situation, methods have been developed in which the use of toxic and expensive solvents has been avoided. 

Engineering and Pilot Plant Data for the Commercial Production of Sucrose Esters for the Ink, Paint, and Protective Coatings Industry, Sugar Research Foundation, Inc., New York, 1963. 

Sucrose acrylate derivatives, 23 480 Sucrose concentration, polarimetric determination of, 23 473 Sucrose derivatives, 23 480 Sucrose esters, 23 480 Sucrose hydrolysis, 23 462 Sucrose monoesters (SMEs), 23 480, 481 Sucrose polyester, 23 481 Sucrose separation... 

Emulsifier 473 Sucrose esters of fatty acids 20 83rd mtg 884, p 16, 1997... 

Sucrose Esters. Sucrose esters have industrial interest in the area of surfactants, " bleaching boosters, cosmetics, and fat substitutes. Synthetically prepared octa-fatty acid esters of sucrose have similar properties as the normal triglycerides, yet are not degraded by Upases, which entailed their marketing as noncaloric fat substitutes—after being approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration under the name Olestra or Clean . ... 

For environmental and economical reasons, sucrose esters are now receiving more and more attention [128]. Sucrose esters can be synthesized through an... 

As compared to the esterification of sucrose, cataly tic etherification of sucrose provides another family of non-ionic surfactants that are much more robust than sucrose esters in the presence of water. Synthesis of sucroethers can be achieved according to two processes (1) the ring opening of epoxide in the presence of a basic catalyst and (2) the telomerization of butadiene with sucrose using a palladium-phosphine catalyst. 

Kosaka T, Yamada T (1977) New plant and applications of sucrose esters. In Hickson JL (ed) Sucrochemistry. ACS Symposium Series, Washington, DC... 

Okabe S, Suganuma M, Tada Y, Ochiai Y, Sueoka E, Kohya H, Shibata A, Takahashi M, Mizutani M, Matsuzaki T, Fujiki H (1999) Jpn J Cancer Res 90 669-676 Puterka GJ, Farone W, Palmer T, Barrington A (2003) J Econ Entomol 96 636-644 Wang Y (1988) Synthesis and application of sucrose ester. Light Industrial, London Kharchafi G, Jerome K, Adam 1, Pouilloux Y, Barrault J (2005) New J Chem 26 928-934 Van Rhijn W, De Vos D, Bossaert W, Bullen J, Wouters B, Grobet P, Jacobs P (1998) Stud SurfSci Catal 117 183-190... 

Nasal absorption. Sucrose ester of coconut fatty acid in aqueous ethanol solution (sucrose cocoate SL-40) administered intrana-sally to anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats at a dose of 0.5% sucrose cocoate with insulin, produced a rapid and significant increase in plasma insulin level with a concomitant decrease in blood glucose levels. Administration of a dose of 0.5% sucrose cocoate with calcitonin produced a rapid increase in plasma calcitonin levels and a concomitant decrease in plasma calcium levels . 

NT501 Wahlberg, I., E. B. Walsh, I. Forsblom, et al. Tobacco chemistry 64. A new sucrose ester from Greek tobacco. Acta NTS 12 Chem Scand Ser B 1986 40(9) ... 

Naoe et al. [239] used the sugar ester DK-F-110, a mixture of sucrose esters of fatty acids, as a nonionic surfactant along with isopropyl alcohol and hexane in a reverse micellar system to extract cytochrome C. This surfactant has a critical micellar concentration of 0.5 g/1 and HLB of 11. Aqueous phase pH was found to have a major role in the forward extraction and optimum extraction was achieved at pH 8.0. However, for optimum back extraction, addition of isopropyl alcohol at 20 vol.% was found to be very essential. Further, the esterification reaction rate of Rhizopus delemar lipase was found to be maximum in DK-F-110 systems and also higher than those obtained in AOT and lecithin-RMs at a water concentration of 0.25 mol l h... 

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