Subterranean Stem

The underground portion of the stem represents the site for rhizome development and, in many instances, the formation of lateral branches. The length of this portion of the stem depends on the planting depth of the seed tubers shallow planting is undesirable. Swanton (1986) found that the dry weight of the underground stem was substantially higher in cultivated clones (35.3 g) than in wild clones (16.2 g). 

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TuTtercle.—A small wart-like outgrowth upon the rootlets, roots or subterranean stems of various plants. 

Tubers thickened, fleshy, subterranean stems, without developed... 

Rhizoma—rhizome, i.e. a subterranean stem, supplied with side roots, e.g. Valerianae rhizoma. Valerian root. 

Tuber— a subterranean organ, filled with nutrient. Can be either a root or a subterranean stem. It is thick, consisting of parenchyma with nutrients (generally starch) with small amounts of lignified elements. 

Closely related to magnoline is the alkaloid dauricine which has been found in Menispermum dauricum DC. by Kondo and Narita (3), and later by Manske (4) in the subterranean stems and roots of a woody liana, Menispermum canadense L., widely distributed throughout North America. It is a phenolic yellow resinous base soluble in most organic solvents. On the basis of the Rast molecular weight determination the Japanese workers... 

ROOTSTOCK. Subterranean stem rhizome ROSETTE. Arrangement of leaves radiating from a crown or center and usually at or close to the earth, as in Taraxacum (dandelion)... 

G.i Iris Absolut/Ol E absolue/essence d iris The rhizomes (subterranean stems) of the - orris flower are the starting material for the most expensive - fragrance and - flavor raw material. After harvesting, the rhizomes have to be washed, decorticated and stored for three years fresh material is practically odorless. The material is then pulverized and steam-distilled with an extremely low yield (<0.1%). The resulting - essential oil solidifies in the receiver to a wax-like, cream-colored mass, which explains why this product is frequently termed orris concrete or orris butter. This phenomenon is due to the high content (85-90%) of - myristic acid, which is removed by alkaline washing of the orris oil in ether solution to yield orris absolute. 

Bulbs (TunicaTED Bulb) A variously shaped bud, usually subterranean, consisting of a short, thick stem emitting roots from below, and bearing a number of membranous or fleshy overlapping, scalelike leaves. 

Caudexi the lignified, about subterranean base of the stem of... 

Tubers and cormsi thickened, subterranean parts of stem or... 

Finally increase in n shown by several systems during postdrying (3) (see Table I) stems from subterranean absorption processes e.g. interconnection of partially filled pores and localized surface fibre wicking. The values of n which in several cases are close to the theoretical value, 0.5, for a Lucas-Washbum type capillary model, suggest that the condition of flow through completely filled and interconnected capillaries to supply the spreading front, is ultimately attained. This final stage reflects lag in the equilibration of bulk and surface capillary forces. 

Description Herbaceous perennial with a large, ovate tuber, 5-15 cm wide. Stem 20-60 cm tall, with subterranean part nearly as long. Basal leaves 1 or 2, with 3 petioluled lobes each lobe trisected, middle lobe tripartite with sessile, bisected lateral lobes upper leaves 3-5, lower 2 similar to basal leaves, the most upper leaves smaller and less divided or entire. Inflorescence apical, paniculiform, formed of racemes with 20 0 flowers. Flowers on long, horizontally spreading pedicels. Sepals yellow, petaloid. Petals 6, reduced, yellow. Stamens 6. Fruit an inflated capsule, ca. 15 mm in diameter. Seeds 1-2 per fruit, 5 mm wide, spherical, smooth. 

Almost all natural waters contain fluoride ions. The content varies on average between 0.01 and 1.5 mg/1. Fluoride concentrations in natural subterranean waters or waters from particular geological formations, however, may be considerably higher up to 10 or 15 mg/1. Wastewaters containing fluoride and hydrogen fluoride stem primarily from fluorine factories,... 

Crimson and subterranean clovers are composed primarily of leaves, petioles, and runners (stolons) while wheat and rye are composed primarily of leaves and stems. The clovers have a taproot and primary, secondary, and tertiary roots while the grasses have primarily adventitious roots. Upon desiccation, crimson clover aboveground residue either remained erect or formed dense tangles of petioles and runners resulting in a mosaic of open and covered soil surfaces. Subterranean clover residue formed a very thin dark brown mat that covered the surface. Rye residue quickly formed a thick dense mat that covered most of the soil surface. Most of the wheat residue remained initially erect resulting in considerable open soil surface area. The amount of open soil surface area, however, varied with wheat density and time of glyphosate desiccation. As wheat stalks fell over and/or shattered after glyphosate desiccation, the open soil surface area was reduced with time and eventually eliminated. 

All red clover varieties studied contain isoflavones. The isoflavone content in red clover is typically 0.5-2.5% of dry matter (Pettersson et al, 1984 Saloniemi et al, 1995). By contrast, the isoflavone content of green subterranean clover has been reported to be as high as 5% of dry matter (Adams, 1998). Leaves are found to have the highest isoflavone concentration followed by stems and inflorescences (Sivesind Seguin, 2005 ... 

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