Subscripts

1 In order to measure the enzyme activity and the initial rate of reaction, 5 mL of cellobiose (lOOmumol/mL) and 44 mL of buffer solution were placed in a stirred vessel. The reaction was initiated by adding 1 mL of enzyme (beta-glucosidase) solution which contained 0.1 mg of protein per mL. At 1,5,10,15, and 30 minutes, O.lmL of sample was removed from the reaction mixture and its glucose content was measured. The results were as follows  

2 Suppose that the following sequence describes the reactions of two different substrates catalyzed by one enzyme  

3 In some enzyme-catalyzed reactions, multiple complexes are involved as follows  

Develop a rate expression using (a) the Michaelis-Menten approach and (b) the Bnggs-Haldane approach. 

4 Suppose that two substrates are required for an enzymatic conversion according to the following mechanism  

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Thermodynamic quantities which refer to the standard state are denoted by superscript zeros ( ), e.g. AG/, AH/, AS/, the subscript denoting the temperature T of the system. 

One significant feature of the Parametric Method is that it indicates, through the (1 + K 2) value, the relative contribution of each variable to the uncertainty in the result. Subscript i refers to any individual variable. (1 + K ) will be greater than 1.0 the higher the value, the more the variable contributes to the uncertainty in the result. In the following example, we can rank the variables in terms of their impact on the uncertainty in UR. We could also calculate the relative contribution to uncertainty. 

The subscript i refers to the initial pressure, and the subscript ab refers to the abandonment pressure the pressure at which the reservoir can no longer produce gas to the surface. If the abandonment conditions can be predicted, then an estimate of the recovery factor can be made from the plot. Gp is the cumulative gas produced, and G is the gas initially In place (GIIP). This is an example of the use of PVT properties and reservoir pressure data being used in a material balance calculation as a predictive tool. 

The algorithm contains five minimisation procedures which are performed the same way as in the method " i.e. by minimisation of the RMS between the measured unidirectional distribution and the corresponding theoretical distribution of die z-component of the intensity of the leakage field. The aim of the first minimisation is to find initial approximations of the depth d, of the crack in the left half of its cross-section, die depth d in its right half, its half-width a, and the parameter c. The second minimisation gives approximations of d, and d and better approximations of a and c based on estimation of d,= d, and d,= d,j. Improved approximations of d] and d4 are determined by the third minimisation while fixing new estimations of d dj, dj, and dj. Computed final values dj , d/, a and c , whieh are designated by a subscript c , are provided by the fourth minimisation, based on improved estimations of d, dj, dj, and d . The fifth minimisation computes final values d, , d, dj, d while the already computed dj , d/, a and c are fixed. 

In our case F, (t) K the obtained in TO sound area and stored in memory averaged signal (the reference signal), F (t) is the current signal. Reference signal parameters we shall mark with subscript r , current signal parameters with subscript e . 

Both here and in Eq. X-19 the subscript SLV serves as a reminder that the work of adhesion and the adhesion tension involve 75 0 rather than 75. 

Note the order of the subscripts on D[R] which follows from the fact that we use the N-convention of (equation A1.4.56) to define the effect of a permutation on a function. 

Flere the subscripts and/refer to the initial and final states of the system and the work is defined as the work perfomied on the system (the opposite sign convention—with as work done by the system on the surroundings—is also in connnon use). Note that a cyclic process (one in which the system is returned to its initial state) is not introduced as will be seen later, a cyclic adiabatic process is possible only if every step is reversible. Equation (A2.1.9), i.e. the mtroduction of t/ as a state fiinction, is an expression of the law of conservation of energy. 

The adjectives isobaric and isothennaT and the corresponding subscripts are frequently omitted, but it is important to distinguish between the isothemial compressibility and the adiabatic compressibility. ... 

The method has been extended to mixtures of hard spheres, to hard convex molecules and to hard spherocylinders that model a nematic liquid crystal. For mixtures m. subscript) of hard convex molecules of the same shape but different sizes. Gibbons [38] has shown that the pressure is given by... 

The motion of particles in a fluid is best approached tlirough tire Boltzmaim transport equation, provided that the combination of internal and external perturbations does not substantially disturb the equilibrium. In otlier words, our starting point will be the statistical themiodynamic treatment above, and we will consider the effect of botli the internal and external fields. Let the chemical species in our fluid be distinguished by the Greek subscripts a,(3,.. . and let f (r, c,f)AV A be the number of molecules of type a located m... 

The primes and subscripts on the /s refer to their velocity arguments, and the primed velocities in the gain tenn should be regarded as fiinctions of the imprimed quantities according to (A3.1.36). It is often convenient to rewrite the integral over the impact parameter and the azimuthal angle as an integral over the unit vector kas... 

In this section we concentrate on the electronic and vibrational parts of the wavefimctions. It is convenient to treat the nuclear configuration in temis of nomial coordinates describing the displacements from the equilibrium position. We call these nuclear nomial coordinates Q- and use the symbol Q without a subscript to designate the whole set. Similarly, the symbol v. designates the coordinates of the th electron and v the whole set of electronic coordinates. We also use subscripts 1 and ii to designate the lower and upper electronic states of a transition, and subscripts a and b to number the vibrational states in the respective electronic states. The total wavefiinction f can be written... 

Figure B1.3.A.9. Diagram depicting the angles used in scattermg experiments employing linearly and circularly polarized light. The subscripts i and s refer to the incident and scattered beam respectively.

Photoelectron peaks are labelled according to the quantum numbers of the level from which the electron originates. An electron coming from an orbital with main quantum number n, orbital momentum / (0, 1, 2, 3,. .. indicated as s, p, d, f,. ..) and spin momentum s (+1/2 or -1/2) is indicated as For every orbital momentum / > 0 there are two values of the total momentum j = l+Ml and j = l-Ml, each state filled with 2j + 1 electrons. Flence, most XPS peaks come in doublets and the intensity ratio of the components is (/ + 1)//. When the doublet splitting is too small to be observed, tire subscript / + s is omitted. 

Figure C2.2.7. Schematic illustrating tire classification and nomenclature of discotic liquid crystal phases. For tire columnar phases, tire subscripts are usually used in combination witli each otlier. For example, denotes a rectangular lattice of columns in which tire molecules are stacked in a disordered manner (after [33])...

Figure C2.7.1. Schematic potential energy diagram for tire catalytic syntliesis and decomposition of ammonia on iron. The energies are in kJ mol tire subscript ads refers to species adsorbed on iron [i].

The data led to tire cycle shown in figure C2.7.8. Here, only tire active site on tire interior enzyme surface (section C2.6) is depicted, consisting of R groups including aspartic acid, glutamic acid and otliers, represented witli tire shortliand Asp, Glu etc tire subscripts represent tlie positions on tlie polypeptide chain. 

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