Styrene-co-maleic anhydride

Figure 3. GPC molecular weight data for poly-(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) copolymerized in acetone...

Figure 5. Molecular weight data for poly(styrene - co -maleic anhydride) copolymerized in benzene. Gel permeation chromatographic data obtained from THF solution containing hydroquinone...

As shown by the gel permeation chromatograph in Figure 6, the average molecular weight of poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) obtained by adding the macroradical to a benzene solution of the monomers was over 250,000. No copolymer was obtained under comparable conditions in the absence of the macroradicals. Attempts to use these macroradicals to produce copolymers in an acetone solution were unsuccessful. 

The formation of block copolymers from styrene-maleic anhydride and acrylic monomers was also indicated by pyrolytic gas chromatography and infrared spectroscopy. A comparison of the pyrograms of the block copolymers in Figure 7 shows peaks comparable with those obtained when mixtures of the acrylate polymers and poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) were pyrolyzed. A characteristic infrared spectrum was observed for the product obtained when macroradicals were added to a solution of methyl methacrylate in benzene. The characteristic bands for methyl methacrylate (MM) are noted on this spectogram in Figure 8. 

Preparation of Poly(Styrene-co-Maleic Anhydride-b-Styrene-co-Acrylonitrile)... 

Heinen W, Wenzel CB, Rosenmoeller CH, Mulder FM, Boender GJ, Lugtenburg J, de Groot HJM, Van Duin M, Klumperman B (1998) Solid-state NMR study of miscibility and phase separation in blends and semi-interpenetrating networks of 13C-labeled poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) and poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride). Macromolecules 31 7404-12. 

The polymer microstructure based on triad intensities in pyrolysates has been evaluated for poly(styrene-co-butyl acrylate), poly(styrene-co-methyl methacrylate), poly(vinyl chloride-co-vinylidene chloride), poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride), and for chlorinated polyethylene considered as a copolymer of polyethylene and vinyl chloride [30]. 

Among the copolymers of styrene that have practical applications is poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) [71]. The pyrogram of a sample of poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride), CAS 9011-13-6, with 7% wt maleic anhydride and = 224,000 is given in Figure 6.2.8. The pyrolysis was done at 600° C in He with separation of a Carbowax column and MS detection, similarly to other polymers discussed in this book (see Table 4.2.2). 

Figure 6.2.8. Result for a Py-GC/MS analysis of poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) 7% wt. maleic anhydride, M = 224,000. Pyrolysis done at 60(f C in He, with the separation on a Carbowax type column.

Fig. 17 Structural representation of the anti-tumor agent (SMA)2NCS, a block copolymer of poly[styrene-co-(maleic anhydride)] coupled to the protein neocarzinostatin. By increasing the molecular weight of the protein, a passive form of tumor targeting occurs due to the increased vascular permeability associated with tumors. Reprinted with permission from [9]. Copyright 2003 Wiley. Adapted from [111]...

Also, it has been reported that poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride-b-styrene) could be obtained either by addition of styrene monomer to the styrene-maleic anhydride macroradicals or by the free-radical-initiated copolymerization of maleic anhydride with more than an equimolar proportion of styrene in benzene solution (7). However, the maximum amount of styrene present in these block copolymers was less than 35% of the weight of the original macroradical. This limitation on the yield of the block copolymer is now assumed to be related to the increased solubility of the styrene block in the benzene solvent, which permits termination of the new macroradicals by coupling. 

Dead copolymers, as noted, were obtained when large amounts of styrene monomer were added to styrene-maleic anhydride macroradicals. However, macroradicals were obtained when the amount of styrene added equalled less than 30% of the weight of the macroradical. For example, block copolymers were obtained when styrene and maleic anhydride or acrylonitrile were added to styrene-co-maleic anhydride-b-... 

SMA Poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) interaction density... 

Poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) (SMA) is frequently mixed with SAN before the reactive blending with PA [Takeda and Paul, 1992]. Much attention has been paid to morphology control during the reactive processing [Serpe et al, 1990 Campbell et al., 1990 Willis and Favis, 1990]. Frequently, a third polymer is added as a com-patibilizer for binary systems, e.g., MA-grafted SEES to compatibilize (and impact-modify) blends of PE with PET [Carte and Moet, 1993]. 

NBR nitrile rubber poly(butadiene-co-acrylonitrile) SMA styrene-maleic anhydride poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride)... 

GAR Garcia-Lopera, R., Figueruelo, J.E., Monzo, I.S., Abad, C., and Campos, A., Influence of the copolymer content on the miscibility, phase behaviour and morphology of a DGEBA/polystyrene/styrene-co-maleic anhydride ternary blend, Macromol. Chem. Phys., 210, 1856, 2009. 

LIN Lin, J.-J. and Hsu, Y.-C., Temperature and pH-responsive properties of poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride)-grafting-poly(oxypropylene)amines, J. Colloid Interface Sci., 336, 82, 2009. 

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